*rightleft.txt* For Vim version 5.6. Last change: 1999 Jun 14 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Avner Lottem Right to Left and Hebrew Mapping for Vim *hebrew* These functions have been made by Avner Lottem E-mail: Phone: +972-4-8307322 {Vi does not have any of these commands} All this is only available when the |+rightleft| feature was enabled at compile time. Introduction ------------ In right-to-left oriented files the characters appear on the screen from right to left. This kind of file is most useful when writing Hebrew documents using TeX--XeT, troffh, composing faxes or writing Hebrew memos. Logical order files, where direction is encoded for every character (or group of characters) are not supported as this kind of support is out of the scope of a simple addition to an existing editor. Also, no Hebrew commands, prompts and help files were added, the standard Vi interface was maintained. The intention here was to incorporate Hebrew support to an existing modern and live editor, hoping that the Hebrew support will continue to live in subsequent versions. Many other Hebrew supported packages were designed for a particular version of the original (English) software and when it continued developing, the Hebrew version stayed behind. Therefore this particular support to Vim tries to be as simple (and short) as possible, so that it could be incorporated into the official source. Highlights ---------- o Editing left-to-right files as in the original Vim, no change. o Viewing and editing files in right-to-left windows. File orientation is per window, so it is possible to view the same file in right-to-left and left-to-right modes, simultaneously. (This is sometimes useful when editing documents with TeX--XeT.) o Compatibility to the original Vim. Almost all features work in right-to-left mode (see Bugs below). o Changing keyboard mapping and reverse insert modes using a single command. o Backing from reverse insert mode to the correct place in the file (if possible). o No special terminal with right-to-left capabilities is required. The right-to-left changes are completely hardware independent. Only Hebrew font is necessary. The MIT X distribution includes at least two fonts: heb6x13 and heb8x13. Some fonts are on http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/X11/fonts/hebxfonts-0.2.tgz More pointers are in the Hebrew HOWTO on http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO To create a Hebrew font for a DOS box under MS-Windows, refer to a hack on ftp://tochna.technion.ac.il/pub/staff/lottem/doswin-0.1.tgz. o It should be quite easy to adjust this support to handle other right-to left languages, such as Arabic, by simply changing the keyboard mapping according to the character encoding. Change details -------------- + Options: + 'rightleft' ('rl') sets window orientation to right-to-left. + 'hkmap' ('hk') sets keyboard mapping to Hebrew, in insert/replace modes. + 'aleph' ('al'), numeric, holds the decimal code of Aleph, for keyboard mapping. + Encoding: + Under Unix, ISO 8859-8 encoding (Hebrew letters codes: 224-250). + Under MS DOS, PC encoding (Hebrew letters codes: 128-154). These are defaults, that can be overridden using the 'aleph' option. + Vim arguments: + 'vim -H file' starts editing a Hebrew file, i.e. 'rightleft' and 'hkmap' are set. + Keyboard: + The 'allowrevins' option enables the CTRL-_ command in Insert mode and in Command-line mode. + CTRL-_ in insert/replace modes toggles 'revins' and 'hkmap' as follows: When in rightleft window, 'revins' and 'nohkmap' are toggled, since English will likely be inserted in this case. When in norightleft window, 'revins' 'hkmap' are toggled, since Hebrew will likely be inserted in this case. CTRL-_ moves the cursor to the end of the typed text. + CTRL-_ in command mode only toggles keyboard mapping (see Bugs below). This setting is independent of 'hkmap' option, which only applies to insert/replace mode. Note: On some keyboards, CTRL-_ is mapped to CTRL-?. + Keyboard mapping while 'hkmap' is set: q w e r t y u i o p The characters in the mapping shown / ' ÷ ø à è å ï í ô here are for ISO 8859-8. a s d f g h j k l ; ' ù ã â ë ò é ç ì ê ó , z x c v b n m , . / æ ñ á ä ð î ö ú õ . Bugs ---- o Does not handle CTRL-A and CTRL-X commands (add and subtract) correctly when in rightleft window. o Does not support reverse insert and rightleft modes on the command-line. However, functionality of the editor is not reduced, because it is possible to enter mappings, abbreviations and searches with Hebrew text, typed from the left to the right on the command-line. o Somewhat slower in right-to-left mode, because right-to-left motion is emulated inside Vim, not by the controlling terminal. o Does not support 7 bit terminals. Only a terminal with complete Hebrew English font (without need to send escape sequences to switch between Hebrew and English) is supported. o When the Athena GUI is used, the bottom scrollbar works in the wrong direction. This is difficult to fix. o When both 'rightleft' and 'revins' are on: 'textwidth' does not work. Lines do not wrap at all; you just get a single, long line. Typing backwards *ins-reverse* If the 'revins' (reverse insert) option is set, inserting happens backwards. This can be used to type Hebrew. When inserting characters the cursor is not moved and the text moves rightwards. A deletes the character under the cursor. CTRL-W and CTRL-U also work in the opposite direction. , CTRL-W and CTRL-U do not stop at the start of insert or end of line, no matter how the 'backspace' option is set. There is no reverse replace mode (yet). If the 'showmode' option is set, "-- REVERSE INSERT --" will be shown in the status line when reverse Insert mode is active. When the 'allowrevins' option is set, reverse Insert mode can be also entered via CTRL-_, which has some extra functionality: First, keyboard mapping is changed according to the window orientation -- if in a left-to-right window, 'revins' is used to enter Hebrew text, so the keyboard changes to Hebrew ('hkmap' is set); if in a right-to-left window, 'revins' is used to enter English text, so the keyboard changes to English ('hkmap' is reset). Second, when exiting 'revins' via CTRL-_, the cursor moves to the end of the typed text (if possible). Pasting when in a rightleft window ---------------------------------- When cutting text with the mouse and pasting it in a rightleft window the text will be reversed, because the characters come from the cut buffer from the left to the right, while inserted in the file from the right to the left. In order to avoid it, toggle 'revins' (by typing CTRL-? or CTRL-_) before pasting. Hebrew characters and the 'isprint' variable -------------------------------------------- Sometimes Hebrew character codes are in the none-printable range defined by the 'isprint' variable. For example in the Linux console, the Hebrew font encoding starts from 128, while the default 'isprint' variable is @,161-255. The result is that all Hebrew characters are displayed as ~x. To solve this problem, set isprint=@,128-255. vim:ts=8:sw=8:tw=78: