DFU V2.4

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$ DIR EXAMPLE  
  
Directory MYDISK:[RUBBISH]  
  
EXAMPLE.DIR;1  
  
$ DFU  
DFU> DELETE/DIRECTORY EXAMPLE.DIR  
  
%DFU-I-CLEANUP, Deleting MYDISK:[RUBBISH]EXAMPLE.DIR;1...  
%DFU-S-DELETED, File DBGINI.COM;3 deleted  
%DFU-S-DELETED, File ICON.COM;1 deleted  
%DFU-S-DELETED, File I_FOOL.COM;1 deleted  
%DFU-S-DELETED, File LOGICALS.COM;51 deleted  
%DFU-S-DELETED, File LOGIN.COM;79 deleted  
%DFU-S-DELETED, File LOGOUT.COM;4 deleted  
%DFU-S-DELETED, File NOTE_COMPRESS.COM;3 deleted  
%DFU-S-DELETED, File SHOWCL.COM;3 deleted  
%DFU-S-DELETED, File SYMBOLS.COM;89 deleted  
%DFU-S-DELETED, File TPUBUILD.COM;5 deleted  
%DFU-S-TOTAL, 11 file(s) deleted  
%DFU-S-DELETED, File EXAMPLE.DIR;1 deleted

/FILE=file-id

Specify a complete file-id (num,seq,rvn) of the file which must be deleted. This qualifier allows the deletion of lost files or files marked for delete. Example :

 
$ DFU  
DFU> VERIFY MYDISK:  
  
%DFU-S-CHKHOME, Home block info verified OK  
%DFU-I-IFSCAN, Scanning INDEXF.SYS...  
%DFU-E-INVBAKFID, file (86,17915,1) 0004CF04$BFS.;1 has invalid backlink  
%DFU-W-DELETED, file (537,2878,1) APPL_UTRYIT_BOOK.TMP;1 marked for delete  
 .  
 .  
 .  
  
DFU> DELETE MYDISK/FILE=(86,17915,1)  
%DFU-S-DELETED, File 0004CF04$BFS.;1 deleted  
  
DFU> DELETE MYDISK/FILE=(537,2878,1)  
%DFU-S-DELETED, File APPL_UTRYIT_BOOK.TMP;1 deleted

/KEEP

Preserve the directory tree; only delete the contents. /KEEP is only valid with the /DIRECTORY qualifier. /KEEP works for DELETE/DIR and DELETE/DIR/TREE.

/NOLOG

Do not log succesfull deletes to SYS$OUTPUT. /LOG is the default.

/NOREMOVE

Can only be used with /FILE. Default DELETE/FILE will try to remove the file from the parent directory. If the file's backlink no longer points to a valid directory this will generate an error. The /NOREMOVE qualifier overrules this behaviour allowing such files to be deleted.

/STATISTICS

This qualifier displays the performance statistics: CPU time, Elapsed Time, I/O and PageFaults.

/TREE

Can only be used with /DIRECTORY. The delete command will delete all subdirectories within the directory file specified. DFU will first sort out the subdirectory tree and than delete the files in the proper order. Thus a complete directory tree is deleted with one command.

Chapter 7
DIRECTORY

This chapter describes the DIRECTORY command with the related parameters and qualifiers.

7.1 Introduction

The DIRECTORY command offers 6 major functions. 3 functions deal with all directories on a disk, the other 3 functions are used for manipulating individual directories. These functions are activated by special qualifiers:

Individual directory functions :
1. /COMPRESS : Rebuild one or more directory files. Directories are alphabetically sorted lists of filenames and file id's. Because file names are randomly inserted and deleted, holes will occur in directory files. Such holes will only be reused if a file can be alphabetically fitted into it. As a result directory files will grow. Especially MAIL subdirectories suffer from this behaviour.
  To make matters worse directory files above 127 blocks will no longer be cached by the file system. This will degrade performance on such directories dramatically. The COMPRESS function will rebuild the complete directory file. The /TEST qualifier can be used to preview the results of a possible COMPRESS command.
2. /CREATE/ALLOCATE=n : Create a directory with a preallocated size of 'n' blocks. Note that 'n' will be rounded up to a multiple of the disks cluster size.
3. /DUMP : Make a dump of the directory blocks and formats the output. This option is usefull for debugging directory files which are suspected or corrupted. This function is equivalent to the previously undocumented VMS command DUMP/DIRECTORY, although the layout of the output is different.
Disk-wide directory functions :
1. /ALIAS : Scan all directories on the disk for alias file entries.
2. /EMPTY : Scan the disk for empty directories
3. /VERSION=n : Scan all directories on the disk for files which have at least 'n' versions.
The diskwide function qualifiers can be used in one command; other combinations of qualifiers are not possible. Note that the diskwide directory functions can take several minutes to complete because a complete directory scan uses a lot of disk I/O (approximately 2 I/O's per directory).
An indirect command file containing a list of files can be used as a parameter to /COMPRESS or /DUMP. Such a list can be generated with the SEARCH command. Example:
```
 
DFU> SEARCH disk/FILE=*.DIR/SIZE=MIN=50/OUT=x.x  
DFU> DIRECTORY/COMPRESS @x.x  
```
Caution: Care should be taken when compressing critical system directories. To be safe you should first use the /TEST qualifier before compressing the directory. Another problem may be caused by a systemcrash just when DFU is rewriting the new compressed directory (although the chance that this happens is very small). When this happens you can recover the files by executing the following procedure:
1. Do a $SET FILE/NODIR of the corrupted directory
2. Delete the directory and create a new one
3. Do a $ANALYZE/DISK/REPAIR ; this will move all the lost files to [SYSLOST].
4. Move the files from [SYSLOST] to the newly created directory.
7.2 Discussion of directory compression

Version V2.2 of DFU introduced a major change in the directory compression process (issued by the DIRECTORY/COMPRESS command). Previously versions always performed a maximum compression , and then truncated the resultant directory. This may be usefull on a dormant directory , but on an active directory this method introduced new problems:
- When new files were added to the directory it must very quickly be extended. Not only is this a slow operation, but on a fragmented disk this can lead to DIRALLOC errors.
- Active directories where files are inserted in a random alphabetical order very quickly lead to expansion of the just compressed directory.
The first problem is now solved by NOT doing an automatic TRUNCATION of the directory. The /TRUNCATE qualifier has been added to allow truncation on the users request. Also /TRUNCATE=blocksize is possible to perform partial truncation; DFU will not truncate below the blocksize issued in /TRUNCATE. (The actual blocksize will be rounded up to a multiple of the disks cluster size.) The second problem is solved by the new /FILL_FACTOR qualifier. Here a user can direct DFU to fill each directory block up to a certain percentage (between 50 and 100). Not specifying /FILL_FACTOR is the same as doing /FILL_FACTOR=100 (full compression). Note however that the directory's allocated size must be large enough to allow a lower fill factor. If that is not possible DFU will issue a DFU-E-EXTERR error, and you must use a higher fill factor. So, what strategy should be used when comnpressing directories?
1. Inactive directories : use DIR/COMPRESS/TRUNCATE.
2. Not very active diredctories : use DIR/COMPRESS (/TRUNCATE=n).
3. Active directories, files added at the end (such as MAIL directories) : use DIR/COMPRESS
4. Active directories, files added in random alphabetical order : use DIR/COMPRESS/FILL_FACTOR=n
7.3 Output formatting

A new qualifier /FORMAT can be used with DIRECTORY/VERSION. This allows the build up of a command procedure directly from the output generated by the DIR/VERSION command. /FORMAT has the following restrictions :
1. /FORMAT is only valid with the /VERSION and the /OUTPUT qualifier.
2. The format string used must contain the !AS directive (in uppercase). The file found will be substituted at the !AS location
Example:
```
 
DFU> DIR/VERSION=4/OUTP=PURGE.COM/FORMAT="$PURGE/KEEP=3 !AS" mydisk  
```
DIRECTORY

Performs directory functions.

Format

DIRECTORY device[:] or directory-file(s)

PARAMETERS

device
The device on which to perform one of the diskwide directory functions.
directory-files(s)
The file specification of the directory on which to perform the /CREATE , /COMPRESS or /DUMP function. Wildcard file specifications may be used. DFU will automatically add .DIR to the filespecification if a filetype is not provided.

QUALIFIERS
/ALIAS
The /ALIAS qualifier directs DFU to scan all directories for alias file entries. Only alias files in DIFFERENT directories will be found (this is the most common situation). Normally only the system disk should contain alias files. This qualifier can be combined with /VERSION=n and /EMPTY.
/ALLOCATE=n
Used in combination with /CREATE. Creates the new directory with an allocated size of 'n' blocks.
/COMPRESS
Performs the directory compression unless /TEST is also specified. The output will show the results in terms of file sizes. Example:
```
 
DFU> DIR/COMP OWN$:[000000]MAIL  
  
%DFU-S-DONE, OWN$:[000000]MAIL.DIR;1: 31 files; was : 4/9, now : 3/3 blocks  
  
DFU>  
```
/CREATE
Create a new , empty directory. The allocated size will be 1 cluster unless /ALLOCATE is specified.
/DEVICE
The device on which the files reside. The device name is added to the file name. If you generate a file list with the DFU SEARCH command you don't need this qualifier. However you may have a list of files produced from another source and thus need to append a device name to it. This qualifier can only be used in combination with /COMPRESS or /DUMP.
/DUMP
Produce a block level dump of a directory. /DUMP will interpret the directory entries found in each block. A directory entry contains a size, version-limit, type and name field. Next the directory entry contains a list of versions and file ID's for this entry. /DUMP will produce a rather low level output of this information. Example :
```
 
DFU> DIR/DUMP C.DIR  
  
DUMP of directory block 1  
Size: 22, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(10): CHKDSK.EXE  
   Version: 3, FID : (1027,1456,0)  
Size: 26, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(13): CHKDSK.README  
   Version: 2, FID : (33892,1171,0)  
   Version: 3, FID : (1256,11234,0)  
Size: 22, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(10): CHKDSK.SAV  
   Version: 2, FID : (13947,100,0)  
Size: 24, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(11): CHKDSK.SAVE  
   Version: 1, FID : (12531,2114,0)  
Size: 26, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(14): CHKDSK_LNK.COM  
   Version: 2, FID : (12314,72,0)  
Size: 18, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(5): C_D.C  
   Version: 3, FID : (32650,32,0)  
Size: 20, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(7): C_D.EXE  
   Version: 9, FID : (2675,64,0)  
Size: 20, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(7): C_D.OBJ  
   Version: 4, FID : (9835,117,0)  
Size: 20, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(7): C_D_2.C  
   Version: 15, FID : (12428,84,0)  
Size: 22, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(9): C_D_2.OBJ  
   Version: 9, FID : (8439,119,0)  
Size: 22, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(9): C_D_3.CLD  
   Version: 3, FID : (9777,178,0)  
Size: 22, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(9): C_D_3.OBJ  
   Version: 2, FID : (9737,161,0)  
Size: 20, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(7): C_D_4.C  
   Version: 3, FID : (10594,1580,0)  
Size: 22, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(9): C_D_4.OBJ  
   Version: 2, FID : (10177,109,0)  
  
DUMP of directory block 2  
Size: 18, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(5): DFU.C  
   Version: 169, FID : (31123,52,0)  
  
 .  
 .  
 .  
%DFU-I-TOTAL, OWN$:[SOURCES.FORTRAN.DFUSRC]C.DIR;1: 42 files  
  
```
/EMPTY
The /EMPTY qualifier will produce a list of empty directories. This qualifier can be combined with /ALIAS and /VERSION=n.
/FILL_FACTOR=n
Specifies ,in percentage, the filling of directory blocks during a /COMPRESS operation. Fill factor may be between 50 and 100. Omitting this qualifier is the same as /FILL_FACTOR=100 (maximum compression). If the directory has not enough allocated space a low fill factor may result in failure of the Compress operation. DFU will issue a DFU-E-EXTERR error, and the directory file will not be modified.
/FORMAT=format-string
Create an output file in a format described by the format string. The string must contain the !AS directive (this must be uppercase). At the !AS location the resultant filename will be filled in. The /OUTPUT qualifier is required.
/OUTPUT=filename
This qualifier redirects the output to a file. The output will also go to SYS$OUTPUT.
/STATISTICS
This qualifier displays the performance statistics: CPU time, Elapsed Time, I/O and PageFaults.
/TEST
The /TEST can only be used in conjunction with /COMPRESS. The qualifier will show the results of the /COMPRESS but will not compress the directory file.
/TRUNCATE=blocksize
During a compress operation truncate the directory back to the blocksize specified. If blocksize is not specified, the file will be truncated back to the end-of-file block number. Truncation will always be rounded up to the next highest multiple of the disks cluster size.
/VERSION=n
The /VERSION qualifier directs DFU to scan all directories on the device to produce a list of files which have at least 'n' versions. This qualifier can be combined with /ALIAS and /EMPTY.
Chapter 8
REPORT

This chapter describes the REPORT command with the related parameters and qualifiers.
8.1 Description

The REPORT command function generates a report of the file and free space fragmentation of the disk. Also a graph may be generated by the /GRAPH qualifier; this visualises the free space distribution on your disk. The /USAGE qualifier will generate a diskspace usage report. This is especially usefull if DISKQUOTA is not enabled on the disk.
The default report contains information of the Volume, files and the bitmap. This output can be suppressed by the new /NOVOLUME, NOFILE and NOBITMAP qualifiers. Also the /USAGE qualifier can be used by displaying information of a specific UIC or Identifier simply by specifying /USAGE=<uic> or /USAGE=<identifier>.
8.2 Syntax and Output

The syntax of the report command is:
```
 
DFU> REPORT device/QUALIFIERS  
```
Below follows an example and output of the report command:
```
 
  
DFU> REPORT USER3:/GRAPH/USAGE  
  
%DFU-I-REPORT, Reporting on USER3: ($1$DUA102:)  
  
  ***** Volume info for USER3: (from HOME block) *****  
 Volume name                      :  USER3        
 Volume owner                     :  SYSTEM       
 Structure name                   :               
 Clustersize                      :  3  
 Maximum # files                  :  367618  
 First header VBN                 :  103  
 Header count                     :  51547 (1)  
 Free headers                     :  10951 (2)  
   
  ***** File statistics (from INDEXF.SYS) *****  
 INDEXF.SYS fragments /map_in_use :  21 / 61 (39% used)   (3)  
 Total files                      :  40595  
 Files with extension headers     :  0  
 Files marked for delete          :  19 , size : 25/63 blocks  
 Directory files                  :  1957  
 Empty files                      :  177  
 Files with allocation            :  40418  
 Contiguous files                 :  40326 (4)  
 Total size used /allocated       :  2492431 /2533209  
 Total fragments                  :  40770  
 Average fragments per file       :  1.009  (5)  
 File fragmentation index         :  0.692 (excellent) (6)  
 Average size per fragment        :  62  
 Most fragmented file             :  
    $1$DUA102:[LARGEUSER]A.DAT;1 ( 180/630 blocks; 30  fragments)  
   
  ***** Free space statistics (from BITMAP.SYS) *****  
 Total blocks on disk             :  2940951  
 Total free blocks                :  407742  
 Percentage free (rounded)        :  13  
 Total free extents               :  260  
 Largest free extent              :  42912 blocks at LBN: 2463597 (7)  
 Average extent size (rounded)    :  1568  
 Free space fragmentation index   :  0.191 (excellent) (6)    
   
 %free------------------------------------------------------------------  
 100 |                                                                  |  
  95 |                                                                  |  
  90 |                                                                  |  
  85 |                             *                                    |  
  80 |                             *                                    |  
  75 |                             *                                    |  
  70 |                             *                          *         |  
  65 |                             *                          *         |  
  60 |                             *                          *         |  
  55 |                             *                          *         |  
  50 |                       *     *                        * *         |  
  45 |                       *     *                        * *    *    |  
  40 |                       *     **                       * *    *    |  
  35 |                       *     **                       * *    **   |  
  30 |                       *   * *** *                 *  * *    **   |  
  25 |              *       **   * *** *            *   **  ***    ** * |  
  20 |              *       **   * *** *            * * **  ***    ** * |  
  15 |      *  *  * *   * * ********** *            * * **  ***    ** * |  
  10 |      *  *  * *   *** ********** **           * * ** ****    ** * |  
   5 |      *  *  * * ***** **************          * * ** ****    ** * |  
      -------------------------------------------------------------------  
 LBN: 0                                                             2940951  
 Free space distribution, each * =  2100  free blocks  
   
  ***** Disk Usage Table (from INDEXF.SYS and QUOTA.SYS) *****  
 Identifier/UIC                 Used/Allocated   Headers   Quota Used/Perm  
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------  
 [SYSTEM]                       499554/505626     4954     510580/2000000   
 [SSG,MRX]                       42079/46356      2259      48615/60000     
 [SSG,TESTJE]                   189306/254742     4935     259677/300000    
 [SSG,LARGEUSER]                 47961/50238      1648      51886/65000     
 .  
 .  
 .   
```
The various items have the following meaning :
1. The header count is calculated based on the size of INDEXF.SYS. If more headers are needed INDEXF.SYS has to be extended.
2. The free headers gives the number of free entries in INDEXF.SYS before it has to extend.
3. The INDEXF.SYS number of fragments and mapwords in use are very important figures to determine if the INDEXF.SYS file can be extended. The theoretical maximum number of mapwords is 155. This value may be less if there are ACL's on INDEXF.SYS. Each fragment, and therefore each retrieval pointer must be in the mapword area. As the size of a retrieval pointer depends on the physical size of a disk, it is not easy to say how many fragments INDEXF.SYS can store in the mapwords area. If the mapword area is full the INDEXF file can no longer extend, and creating new files may result in a SYSTEM-W-HEADERFULL error.
4. Files which have exactly 1 retrieval pointer are considered to be contiguous. This doesn't mean that the CONTIGUOUS bit is set in the file header.
5. The average fragments per file give some indication about the total file fragmentation.
6. The file and free space fragmentation index classifies your disk as follows :
  - 0-1 : Excellent
  - 1-2 : Good
  - 2-3 : Fair
  - 3-4 : Poor
  - >4 : Bad
  If your index is greater than 3 you should consider defragmenting the disk using Digitals DFO software, or by performing an Image BACKUP / Restore.
7. The largest free extent is a usefull figure for defragmentation purposes. You cannot defragment a file when its size is greater than this value.

The disks free space distribution as a bar graph. On the horizontal axis the Logical Block Number (LBN) is shown, running from 0 to the maximum block number. Each * represents a certain number of contiguous free blocks.

If you use the /USAGE qualifier a usage table will be added. Per Identifier / UIC the blocks used/allocated , and the number of file headers are shown. If Diskquota is enabled a third column will be included which shows the blocks used/permitted allowing to QUOTA.SYS. Normally quota should satisfy the following rule :

 
 Quota used = blocks allocated + # of file headers

REPORT

Create a file and free space report of a disk device.

Format

REPORT device[:]

PARAMETERS

device[:]
Device to be reported. You may also specify a logical devicename.

QUALIFIERS

/APPEND=filename
This qualifier redirects the output to be appended to an already existing file. If the output file does not exists it will be created. You can use /APPEND or /OUTPUT but not both.
/GRAPH
This qualifier generates a graph table which visualizes the free space distribution on the disk. /NOGRAPH is the default.
/NOBITMAP
The /NOBITMAP qualifier suppresses the "Free space statistics" output.
/NOFILE
The /NOFILE qualifier suppressed the "File Statistics" output.
/NOVOLUME
The /NOVOLUME qualifier suppresses the "Volume info" output.
/OUTPUT=filename
This qualifier redirects the output to a file. The output will also go to SYS$OUTPUT.
/STATISTICS
This qualifier displays the performance statistics: CPU time, Elapsed Time, I/O and PageFaults.
/USAGE(=uic or identifier)
The /USAGE qualifier will generate a diskspace usage report based on Identifiers/UIC. If diskquota is enabled on the disk the blocks used/permitted allowing to QUOTA.SYS will also be shown. /USAGE is very usefull when diskquota is not enabled on the disk. When a uic or identifier is specified only the information for this uic or identifier will be displayed.

Chapter 9
SEARCH

This chapter describes the SEARCH command with the related parameters and qualifiers.

9.1 Introduction

The search function allows very quick disk-wide searches for specific files. You can use almost any possible file attribute as a search qualifier.

9.2 Syntax and Output

The command syntax for SEARCH is:

 
DFU> SEARCH device/qualifiers

The output is displayed on your terminal. You can also sort the output with the /SORT qualifier. The output is shown in 2 or 3 columns eg:

 
DFU> SEARCH MYDISK/FILE=X.X/FRAGMENT  
 .  
 .  
$1$DUA102:[USER.COMMAND]X.X;1             1/3               1/1  
 .  
 .

The first column shows the full file name . As of this version of DFU the device name is included in the file name. The second columns shows the file size as actual/allocated size. The 3rd column is optional and will only be shown when the /FRAGMENT qualifier is used. It shows the number of fileheaders / number of file fragments.

9.3 Volume Set processing

SEARCH checks if the device to-be-searched is member of a volume set. If so, the complete volume set will be processed, starting with Relative Volume Number 1 up to the last member in set. You can override this behaviour with the /NOVOLSET qualifier.

9.4 Output formatting

A new qualifier /FORMAT can be used with SEARCH. This allows the build up of a command procedure directly from the output generated by the SEARCH command. /FORMAT has the following restrictions :

/FORMAT is only valid with the /OUTPUT qualifier, and can not be used together with the /FULL or the /SORT qualifiers.
The format string used must contain the !AS directive (in uppercase). The file found will be substituted at the !AS location

Example:

 
DFU> SEARCH/OUTP=DEL.COM/FORMAT="$DELETE/CONF !AS"/FILE=*.LOG mydisk

9.5 UIC and identifier processing

This version introduces an improved handling of UIC's. Previous versions of DFU only accepted a numeric UIC in the /OWNER qaulifier or an identifier in the /IDENT qualifier. V2.4 now accepts all valid uic and identifier formats (numeric and alphanumeric) in the /OWNER and /IDENT qualifiers. Technically there is no longer any difference between these two qualifiers, but they will be left in for compatibility reasons.

SEARCH

Fast file search through INDEXF.SYS.

Format

SEARCH device[:]

PARAMETERS

device[:]
Device to be searched. You may also specify a logical devicename.

DESCRIPTION

The SEARCH command is used for quick disk-wide searches for specific files. The qualifiers describe the file attributes used as the search criteria. You can combine almost all of the possible qualifiers, unless otherwise specified. Eg.:
 
DFU> SEARCH DISK1/SIZE=MIN=10/OWN=[1,4]/CREATED=SINCE=YESTERDAY  
is a valid command. Note that qualifiers will be used in a logical AND manner, that is, SEARCH will only display files which obey to all qualifiers and options specified.

QUALIFIERS

/ALLOCATED
Default, SEARCH will use the actual file size. The /ALLOCATED qualifier forces SEARCH to use the allocated filesize. This qualifier is only meaningfull if you combine it with /SIZE.
/APPEND=filename
This qualifier redirects the output to be appended to an already existing file. If the output file does not exists it will be created. You can use /APPEND or /OUTPUT but not both.
/BACKUP=option(,option)
The /BACKUP qualifier is used to search files depending on their backup date. The possible options are :

/BACKUP=BEFORE=date
/BACKUP=SINCE=date
/BACKUP=NONE

The NONE option gives files which don't have a backup date recorded.The other 2 options can be used to get files which have a backup date before or after a specific date. The BEFORE and SINCE option can be combined in one command.
/BAKFID=backlink-file-id
You can use this qualifier to look for a file with a specific backlink. Only the first part of the file id must be specified, that is, if the file id is (x,y,z) you must specify 'x' as the file id. You can use this qualifier to get files from a specific directory. If you use /BAKFID=0 you will get files not belonging to a directory (often temporary files).
/CHARACTERISTIC=(char1,char2...)
This qualifier is used to get files with specific file characteristics.The characteristics can have the following values:

Directory : directory files
Nobackup : files marked nobackup
Contiguous : files marked as contiguous
Erase : erase file before deletion
Spool : spool files
Badblock : files which contain suspected bad block(s)
Badacl : files with a corrupted ACL
Besttry : files marked contiguous-best-try
Scratch : files marked as scratch files
Nocharge : files not charged against quota
Nomove : files marked NoMove (VMS 5.5+)
Locked : files with the deaccess lock bit set
Marked : files marked for deletion
Noshelvable : files which can not be shelved
Isshelved : files which are shelved

The several characteristics can be combined in one command.If you want a logical OR behaviour in stead of the default AND behaviour, you can use the special option MATCH=OR eg:
 
  SEARCH disk/CHAR=(NOMOVE,DIR,MATCH=OR)  
/CREATED=option(,option)
The /CREATED qualifier is used to search files depending on their creation date. The options are :

/CREATED=BEFORE=date
/CREATED=SINCE=date

These 2 options can be used to get files which have a creation date before or after a specific date. The BEFORE and SINCE option can be combined in one command.
/EXCLUDE=(file1,file2...)
This qualifier is used to exclude files from the search. You can use wildcard filenames ; you can also specifiy a list of files.
/EXPIRED=option(,option)
The /EXPIRED qualifier is used to search files depending on their expiration date. The options are :

/EXPIRED=BEFORE=date
/EXPIRED=SINCE=date
/EXPIRED=NONE

The NONE option gives files which don't have a expiration date recorded.The other 2 options can be used to get files which have a expiration date before or after a specific date. The BEFORE and SINCE option can be combined in one command.
/FID=file-id
The /FID qualifier is a special function of SEARCH. It directs SEARCH to go directly to the specified file without processing the rest of the Index file. Therefore, you cannot combine this qualifierwith other search qualifiers such as /FILE. Normally a file-id consists is in the form (x,y,z) where x is the number of the file header within INDEXF.SYS y is the sequence number, and z is the Relative Volume Number. You only need to specifiy the x value in the /FID qualifier.
/FILE=(file1,file2...)
This qualifier is used to search for files with a specific file name.You can use wildcard file names; also you can specify a list of files.
/FORMAT=format-string
Create an output file in a format described by the format string. The string must contain the !AS directive (this must be uppercase). At the !AS location the resultant filename will be filled in. The /OUTPUT qualifier is required.
/FRAGMENT(=(MINIMUM=nr,MAXIMUM=nr))
This qualifier displays the number of fragments and file headers of each file found. You can further limit the files found by using the MINIMUM and MAXIMUM= options. For example:

Next page... | Contents

DFU V2.4

/FILE=file-id

/KEEP

/NOLOG

/NOREMOVE

/STATISTICS

/TREE

Chapter 7DIRECTORY

DIRECTORY

Format

DIRECTORY device[:] or directory-file(s)

PARAMETERS

device

directory-files(s)

QUALIFIERS

/ALIAS

/ALLOCATE=n

/COMPRESS

/CREATE

/DEVICE

/DUMP

/EMPTY

/FILL_FACTOR=n

/FORMAT=format-string

/OUTPUT=filename

/STATISTICS

/TEST

/TRUNCATE=blocksize

/VERSION=n

Chapter 8REPORT

REPORT

Format

REPORT device[:]

PARAMETERS

device[:]

QUALIFIERS

/APPEND=filename

/GRAPH

/NOBITMAP

/NOFILE

/NOVOLUME

/OUTPUT=filename

/STATISTICS

/USAGE(=uic or identifier)

Chapter 9SEARCH

SEARCH

Format

SEARCH device[:]

PARAMETERS

device[:]

DESCRIPTION

QUALIFIERS

/ALLOCATED

/APPEND=filename

/BACKUP=option(,option)

/BAKFID=backlink-file-id

/CHARACTERISTIC=(char1,char2...)

/CREATED=option(,option)

/EXCLUDE=(file1,file2...)

/EXPIRED=option(,option)

/FID=file-id

/FILE=(file1,file2...)

/FORMAT=format-string

/FRAGMENT(=(MINIMUM=nr,MAXIMUM=nr))

Chapter 7
DIRECTORY

Chapter 8
REPORT

Chapter 9
SEARCH