1 ROF 
 Bonner Lab Runoff (ROF) 17 Jan 84 
2 OPERATION 
 RUNOFF can be initiated in several ways.  The general formats are:  

                         $ ROF Command_string

                  ... or

                         $ ROF <CR> 
                         ROF>Command_string
3 Command_String 
 System programs usually require a command string to specify such things
 as input files and various options.  A standard command string has  one
 of the following forms:  

                 output-file,toc-file=input-file 

                         or 

                 @command-file 

 The output-file, toc-file, and input-file are strings comprising a file
 specification.  The toc-file may be omitted if no table of contents  is
 desired.  

 The second form of command string (@command-file) is used to specify an
 indirect command file.  In this case each record of the file is used as
 a command string before any commands following the indirect command are
 accepted.  

 The  command  string  syntax is described more completely in the User's
 Guide for the relevant operating system.  
3 File_Specification 
 A file specification has the following form:  

                 Dev:[Directory]Filename.Typ;Ver 

 In  this specification Dev must be a legal device code.  If omitted the
 default value is SY:, the system disk.  Directory must be a  valid  di-
 rectory  name of the form [Name1.Name2 . . .Namen].  If omitted the de-
 fault is  the  current  default  directory.   Filename  is  any  1-  to
 9-character  alphanumeric string which specifies a file name.  Typ is a
 1- to 3-character alphanumeric file type.  Finally,  Ver  is  a  number
 which  is the version number of the file.  This field also normally can
 be omitted since it defaults on input to the highest  existing  version
 number  for  the  file  and  on  output to the highest existing version
 number plus one.  Normally you need only specify the Filename.  

 Default file specifications (any part of which may be overridden):  

                 Input:   SY:RUNOFF.RNO 

                 Output:  SY:RUNOFF.DOC 

                 Table of contents:  SY:RUNOFF.RNT
3 SWITCHES 
4 list 
 /AP:l:h -- Output only indicated appendix range.  
 /CH:l:h -- Output only indicated chapter range.  
 /CR     -- Output CR,LF in file.  
 /FF     -- Force Form-feeds (instead of multi-LFs) 
 /HY     -- Hyphenate output 
 /PA:l:h -- Output only indicated page range 
 /PS:H:W -- Set page size to H,W (height,width) 
 /RI:n   -- Right shift output.  n=amount of shift.  
 /SP     -- Spool the output file.  
 /UC     -- Force ALL uppercase output 
 /UL:x   -- Underline x=[B-backspace, S-simulate, L-line, N-none] 
 /WA     -- Wait at beginning of a page.  
4 /AP 

      /AP:l:h -- Output only indicated appendix range.  
                 l = lowest appendix to print 
                 h = highest appendix to print 
                 default = print all 
4 /CH 

      /CH:l:h -- Output only indicated chapter range.  
                 l = lowest chapter to print 
                 h = highest chapter to print 
                 default = print all 
4 /CR 

      /CR     -- Output  CR,LF  in  file.   This is the normal operating
                 mode for ROF.  
      /-CR    -- Output  regular text (No CR,LF).  This mode is intended
                 to output text which may be edited  by  any  editor  or
                 copied  by  FLX.   This doesn't work if the output line
                 exceeds 256 characters.  This mode should never be used
                 if escape sequences, half spacing, or equations are de-
                 sired.  
4 /FF 

      /FF     -- Force  Form-feeds  (instead of multi-LFs).  This is the
                 normal operation.  Form feeds are only  output  at  the
                 end  of a page.  When you start printing the paper must
                 be properly adjusted because there is no form  feed  at
                 the beginning of the first page.  
      /-FF:n  -- Simulate   Form-feeds  with  Line-feeds.   n  is  paper
                 length, default set by your system  manager.   This  is
                 only  used  with  primitive line printers, or it may be
                 used to have output text free of Form-feeds.  
4 /HY 

      /HY     -- Hyphenate output.  This is the normal default.  
      /-HY    -- Do  not  hyphenate  output.  This overrides the .ENABLE
                 HYPHENATION command.  
4 /PA 

      /PA:l:h -- Output only indicated page range.  
                 l = lowest page to print 
                 h = highest page to print 
                 default = print all 
                 This switch should be used with the /AP,or /CH switches
                 for chapter oriented text.  
4 /PS 

      /PS:H:W -- Set page size to H,W (height,width) 
                      Default  is /PS:58:60 (See PAGE SIZE command).  If
                 a .PAGE SIZE command is used in your .RNO file it  will
                 override this switch setting.  
4 /RI 

      /RI:n   -- Right  shift output.  n=amount of shift.  This adds ex-
                 tra space to the left margin.  This shift is  in  addi-
                 tion to the .LEFT MARGIN and the .ENABLE BAR commands. 
4 /SP 

      /SP     -- Spool the output file.  The output file will be printed
                 on the line printer.  NOTE:  This does not apply to the
                 TOC file.  
      /-SP    -- Inhibit spooling of output file.  
4 /UC 

      /UC     -- Force  ALL uppercase output.  The output will all be in
                 caps.  
      /-UC    -- Allow normal case conversion.  
4 /UL 

      /UL:B   -- Underline  with  a  spacing-backspace.   This  type  of
                 underlining may fail to  work  properly  if  sub/super-
                 scripts or wierd selectable fonts are used in the text.
                 Alternate fonts must have the underscore in the  normal
                 ASCII position for this option to work.  
      /UL:L   -- Underline  via line overprint with underline character.
                 This should be the normal default.  
      /UL:N   -- Underlining suppressed.  
      /UL:S   -- Simulate  underline with hyphen character on next line.
                 This is used for line printers which  have  no  special
                 features.  
4 /WA 

      /WA     -- Wait at beginning of each page.  This is useful if your
                 printer must have some adjustments at the top  of  each
                 page,  or  if you must feed in each page manually.  ROF
                 will wait for you to press the "return" key on the ter-
                 minal before printing the next page.  
      /-WA    -- Print  each  page with no wait.  This is the normal de-
                 fault.  
2 COMMANDS 
3 BREAK 

 .BREAK 
 .BR 

      causes  a break, i.e. the current line will be output with no jus-
      tification, and the next word of the source text will be placed at
      the beginning of the next line.  
3 SKIP 

 .SKIP [-n] 
 .S [-n] 

      causes a BREAK after which n is multiplied by the number of spaces
      between lines.  The result is the number of lines skipped.  Output
      is advanced to the top of the next page if there is no room on the
      current page.  If the current page is empty,  SKIP  does  nothing.
      The  n  can  also have a negative value.  Negative values indicate
      skips to n lines from the bottom of the page.  Negative  skips  or
      skips  greater  than  6  are not allowed during footnotes or .TEXT
      sections.  
3 BLANK 

 .BLANK [-n] 
 .B [-n] 

      causes  the current line to be output with no justification, skips
      n line spaces, and then starts output of the current source  text.
      BLANK  is  like SKIP, except that the space to be left is indepen-
      dent of line spacing.  If the page is empty, BLANK  does  nothing.
      n  can  be  negative  to move to n lines from the end of the page.
      Negative n or n greater than 6 are not  allowed  in  footnotes  or
      .TEXT sections.  
3 FIGURE 


 .FIGURE [n] 
 .FG n 

      leaves  n  lines  blank  to make room for a figure or diagram.  If
      fewer than n lines remain on the current page,  the  page  is  ad-
      vanced  and  n  blank  lines are left at the top of the next page.
      This command guarantees your having n blank lines  for  a  figure,
      while blank will only guarantee n or fewer blank lines.  This com-
      mand is not allowed during footnotes or .TEXT sections.  This com-
      mand  has  the  unfortunate  side  effect that if the current page
      doesn't have enough space for the figure, the page is left with  a
      number of blank lines at the bottom of it.  The default is .FIGURE
      1 

 .FIGURE DEFERRED [n] 
 .FGD [n] 

      This command is similar to figure.  It will reserve n lines on the
      current page or if there is not enough room n lines at the top  of
      the  next  page.  If there is not enough room on the next page for
      all the lines requested an error message is produced and the  next
      page  will  be  entirely blank.  This differs from .FIGURE in that
      the current page will be filled with text right to the bottom line
      if there is no room for the figure on this page.  This command can
      not have the figure caption follow  the  .FIGURE  command,  unlike
      .FIGURE.  


                                     NOTE

           .BLANK,  .SKIP,  and  .FIGURE are very similar commands.
           If you are intending to leave 1 inch of space  .BLANK  6
           would  be  appropriate.   If  you  need 3 lines of space
           .SKIP 3 is the correct command.  If you  need  to  leave
           space  at the top of a page, or need a guaranteed amount
           of space use .FIGURE or .FIGURE DEFERRED.  When choosing
           between  .SKIP  and .BLANK remember that .SKIP is appro-
           priate if you are concerned  with  the  number  of  text
           lines  to skip, where text lines may be more than 1 phy-
           sical line.  .BLANK is appropriate when the space to  be
           left  is  an absolute value, for example .5 inches which
           is normally 3 physical lines.  


3 INDENT 

 .INDENT [-n] 
 .I [-n] 
 .LEFT [-n] 
 .L [-n] 

      causes  a  BREAK  and  sets the next line to begin n spaces to the
      right of the left margin.  The n can be negative to  allow  begin-
      ning  a line to the left of the left margin.  However, a line can-
      not begin to the left of column 0.  If  n  is  not  supplied,  the
      current paragraph indent is used.  
3 RIGHT 

 .RIGHT [-n] 
 .R [-n] 

      places the following text flush with the right margin if n is zero
      or unspecified.  If n is specified the text is placed n spaces  to
      the  left  of  the  margin (n positive) or n to the right (n nega-
      tive).  If .RIGHT is issued after .CENTER TEXT,  but  before  .END
      CENTER, the text will be centered not right justified.  
3 PARAGRAPH 

 .PARAGRAPH [-n], [v], [t] 
 .P [-n], [v], [t] 

      CAUSES  A  BREAK  and formats the output paragraphs.  The n is op-
      tional and, if present, sets the number of spaces the paragraph is
      to  be  indented.   (n  can also have a negative value).  v is the
      vertical spacing or number of lines  between  paragraphs.   v  can
      range  from  0  to  5.  T is the TEST TEXT value.  If there is not
      room for t lines remaining on the page then a new page is started.
      The  action  of  both t and v are changed by the .SPACING command.
      Initially n,v,t are 1,5,2 as the default.  If  you  specify  n,v,t
      different from the defaults, you only need to do this once.  Every
      .PARAGRAPH command that follows will assume the same n,v,t.   This
      command is the same as issuing the following sequence of commands. 
           .SKIP v .TEST TEXT t .INDENT n 
3 CENTER 

 .CENTER [LINE][+-n] 
 .CENTRE [+-n] 
 .C [LINE] [+-n] 

      causes  a  BREAK  and  centers  the  following line of text in the
      source file.  The centering is halfway between the right and  left
      margins  if  n is not specified.  If n is specified as an absolute
      argument (no sign) then the centering is over column n.  If n is a
      relative  argument  the  centering is over the default center plus
      the relative value of n.  


                                     NOTE

           The definition of n differs from the previous version of
           RUNOFF.  



 .CENTER TEXT [+-n] 
 .C TEXT [+-n] 

      centers  the  following lines of text until a .END CENTER command.
      This differs from .CENTER LINE in that it centers more than 1 line
      of  text.  Centering automatically prevents filling and justifica-
      tion.  The argument n has the same meaning as for CENTER LINE.  

 .END CENTER 
 .ECN 

      stops centering the text.  This must be given only after a .CENTER
      TEXT command.  
3 FOOTNOTE 

 .FOOTNOTE 
 .FN 

      saves  lines  at  the  bottom  of the current page for a footnote.
      When the bottom of the page is  reached  the  text  following  the
      .FOOTNOTE  command  will be printed.  If insufficient room remains
      on the current page, space is allocated at the bottom of the  fol-
      lowing  page.   The  text of the footnote should begin on the line
      following the FOOTNOTE command.  Indentation, case lock,  justify,
      margins,  spacing,  bar,  and fill are preserved around footnotes.
      However, commands that affect page formatting  are  illegal  in  a
      footnote.   Tab  stops are illegal because they are not preserved.
      A footnote within a footnote is also  illegal.   If  the  footnote
      overflows from the current page onto the next page, it is possible
      that the line referring to the footnote will also  be  printed  on
      the  next page.  To prevent this either preface the .FOOTNOTE com-
      mand by a command that  causes  a  break,  or  place  enough  text
      between  the reference and the command to guarantee a full line of
      text.  

      Normally this command does not draw a line between the body of the
      text and the footnotes.  If you want it to  automatically  draw  a
      line you must use .PERMANENT FOOTNOTE.  

 .END FOOTNOTE 
 .EFN 

      ends  the footnote.  The previous version of RUNOFF used an excla-
      mation point ( ! ) to do this.  The exclamation point is not  sup-
      ported  in  this  version.   Each .FOOTNOTE or .PERMANENT FOOTNOTE
      command must be followed by a .END FOOTNOTE command.  
3 PERMANENT_FOOTNOTE 

 .PERMANENT FOOTNOTE 
 .PFN 

      This  command  may  only be issued before other footnote commands.
      If this command is issued and a footnote command has already  been
      given  for the current page, the command will be flagged as an er-
      ror.  The text following this command is taken a  permanent  foot-
      note which is then printed between the body of text on a page, and
      the footnotes at the bottom.  This also sets up permanent margins,
      spacing,  and fill/justify mode for footnotes.  The left and right
      margins, and the spacing may be set during the permanent footnote,
      and  they will be restored for every subsequent .FOOTNOTE command.
      For example you may wish to separate the footnote from the text by
      a blank line, and a divider.  To do this you might use the follow-
      ing sequence of instructions.  

           .PERMANENT FOOTNOTE 
           .SKIP 2;------- footnote ------- 
           .END FOOTNOTE 

      The  permanent  footnote  will not be printed at the bottom of the
      page if no regular footnotes are declared.  

3 NOTE 

 .NOTE [title text] 
 .NT [title text] 

      This command is used to format notes.  A note is text set off from
      the rest of the text by reduced margins and a centered title.  The
      text  of  the note is follows the .NOTE command, and is ended by a
      .END NOTE command.  First this command issues a .TEST TEXT n where
      n is 4 added to the paragraph test page count.  This command SKIPs
      2, reduces both margins, centers the title text  (if  no  text  is
      given, it centers the word "NOTE"), and then SKIPS 1.  The text of
      the note is then printed.  An indentation is applied to  both  the
      left  and right margins.  The indentation is either 20,15,10, or 5
      whichever produces no more than a 25% reduction in the text  line.
      If  the indentation produces a text line less than the minimum, no
      indentation is used, and an error message is typed.  

 .END NOTE [n] 
 .EN [n] 

      terminates  the NOTE command, SKIPs n, and reverts the margins and
      spacing modes to their settings before the last NOTE command.   If
      n is not specified it will be 2 as the default.  
3 PAGE 

 .PAGE 
 .PG 

      causes  a BREAK and an advance to a new page.  If the current page
      is empty, this command does not advance the page.   Just  like  an
      automatic  page  advance, this command prints the title (if given)
      and page numbers on every page.  
3 SUBPAGE 

 .SUBPAGE 
 .SPG 

      executes a PAGE with page numbering suspended.  The page number is
      unchanged, but letters are appended to the page number.  This per-
      mits  insertion  of  additional  pages within an existing document
      without changing the existing page numbering.  

 .END SUBPAGE 
 .ES 

      disengages the SUBPAGE command and starts a new page.  Normal page
      numbering is resumed.  
3 NUMBER_PAGE 

 .NUMBER [PAGE] [+-n] 
 .NMPG [+-N] 

      starts  page numbering.  This is the default so there is no reason
      to issue this command unless page numbering is disengaged.  If re-
      sumption of page numbering is desired at a certain page, specify n
      as the next page number.  n may also  be  a  string  of  up  to  3
      letters.   If  n  is a letter A cooresponds to 1, B to 2, Z to 26.
      Similarly AA is 27, AB 28 and so on.  The maximum value for  n  is
      4000.   If  you wish to skip several pages for inserting diagrams,
      artwork or any other items which require a full pages, you may  do
      so by issuing the following commands:  
           .NUMBER  PAGE  +n .PAGE The next page number will be the cur-
      rent page number +n.  If you issue .NUMBER PAGE 10 then  the  next
      page  will  be  10.   If  the  current  page is 10 and you specify
      .NUMBER PAGE +2 the next page will be 12.  If the current page  is
      10  and  you  specify  .NUMBER  PAGE  -1, the next page will be 9.
      .NUMBER PAGE +1 essentially is redundant.  If n is omitted the de-
      fault is 1.  The page number is normally right justified with res-
      pect to the permanent right margin.  See the .PAGE SIZE command.  

 .NO NUMBER 
 .NNM 

      disengages page numbering.  However, pages continue to be counted,
      so that the normal page number can appear  if  page  numbering  is
      re-entered with the NUMBER command.  
3 NUMBER_SUBPAGE 

 .NUMBER SUBPAGE [+-n] 
 .NMSPG [+-n] 

      starts  the  next  page as subpage number n or letter n where n is
      the subpage letter.  If n is omitted the default is 1.  The  maxi-
      mum value for n is 255 or the largest letter is JT.  
3 TEXT 

 .TEXT 
 .TX 

      This command begins a section of text that you wish to keep all on
      one page.  The .END TEXT or another .TEXT command  ends  the  sec-
      tion.  With this command you can guarantee that a given section of
      text will not be split between 2 pages unless it is  too  long  to
      fit  on  1  page.   This  command is illegal inside a footnote, or
      note.  Likewise footnotes and .TEST PAGE, .TEST TEXT,  or  .FIGURE
      are illegal inside this command.  

 .END TEXT 
 .ETX 

      This ends a section of text you wish to keep all on the same page. 
3 TEST_PAGE 

 .TEST PAGE n 
 .TP n 

      causes  a  BREAK followed by a conditional page advance.  It skips
      to the next page if fewer than n lines are left on the page.  This
      capability  is to ensure that the following n lines are all output
      on the same page.  

 .IMMEDIATE TEST PAGE n 
 .ITP n 

      This  is almost the same as test page except that it doesn't cause
      a break.  If fewer than n lines remain on this page a new page  is
      started  and  the  current line is the first line on the new page.
      This is useful if you wish to test for  sufficient  space  without
      breaking the line.  
3 TEST_TEXT 

 .TEST TEXT n 
 .TT n 

      First  this  command  causes  a break, then tests to see if enough
      room is on the current page for n lines of text.   If  not  a  new
      page  is started.  This differs from .TEST PAGE in that the actual
      space required depends on the current spacing.  

 .IMMEDIATE TEST TEXT n 
 .ITT n 

      This command is the same as test text except that no break occurrs
      before the test.  This command is very useful when you are filling
      and  justifying  text.   It allows you to "see" if there is enough
      room on the page for the rest of the text and start a new page  if
      there  is not.  This may be used to prevent single lines from dan-
      gling on the top of the next page.  
3 TITLE 
 .TITLE [text] 
 .T [text] 

      takes the remaining text as the title and outputs it on every page
      at line 0.  The title is normally left justified with  respect  to
      the  permanent left margin.  See the .PAGE SIZE command.  The per-
      manent margins allow different margins for the  headers  than  for
      the  text.  Titles and subtitles may not contain escape flags.  In
      addition tabs are converted to single spaces.  Some of these  res-
      trictions may be removed in future releases.  Titles are also pro-
      duced by these commands:  .FIRST TITLE, .CHAPTER, or .APPENDIX.  

 .NO TITLE 

      prevents  printing  either the title or subtitle at the top of the
      page.  The title print is reinstated by the .TITLE command.   This
      command  also  prevents titles from being produced by the .CHAPTER
      command.  The chapter  title  will  still  be  printed  after  the
      chapter number, but it will not appear as part of the page header.
3 FIRST_TITLE 

 .FIRST TITLE [text] 
 .FT [text] 

      Same as .TITLE, but used to specify the title to be printed on the
      first page of the document.  This command must precede all text in
      the  source  file.  Use of the FIRST TITLE command is the only way
      to print a title line on the first page of the document.   If  the
      page number appears on the same line as the title it will also not
      appear on the first page unless a .FIRST TITLE command is  issued.
      If  the  title  is blank only the page number will be printed.  If
      the page number is at the bottom of the page it will be printed on
      the  first  page  whether  or  not a .FIRST TITLE command is used.
      This command is equivalent to:  
           .HEADER .TITLE [ text ] 
3 SUBTITLE 

 .SUBTITLE [text] 
 .ST [text] 

      takes  the  remaining text as the subtitle and outputs it on every
      page.  It appears directly under the title.  The subtitle  is  al-
      igned  on  the  same  margin  as  the  title.  The subtitle is not
      printed if the .NO TITLE command is in force.  
3 LAYOUT 

 .LAYOUT code [,spacing] 
 .LO [code] [,spacing] 

      changes  the  layout  of  the  title and page numbers on the page.
      This command doesn't have any affect on  the  current  page.   The
      next  page  will  have the new layout.  If you want to change only
      the first page of each chapter use the  .CHAPTER  LAYOUT  command.
      The  spacing is the number of blank lines between the last line on
      the page and the page number.  If the code is 0 then  the  spacing
      is  the number of blank lines-1 between the bottom of the text and
      the bottom of the page.  Pages with different layouts but the same
      spacing will have the same number of lines on a page regardless of
      whether the page number is at the top or bottom of the  page.   If
      the  spacing  is  omitted it is assumed to be 2 except for code 0.
      For code 0 it is assumed to be -1 if not specified.   Normally  if
      layout 0 is used the first page of a document will not have a page
      number, unless .FIRST TITLE or .HEADER commands are  used  at  the
      beginning.   However  all  other  layouts  will number every page.
      This is consistent with DSR usage.  The codes are:  

      CODE      PAGE LAYOUT 
      ____      ____ ______
      0 Title flush left, page number flush right 
      1 Title centered ,Page number centered at bottom 
      2 Title  flush  left  odd  page ,Title flush right even page ,Page
                number centered at bottom 
      3 Title flush left, Page number centered at bottom 
      4 Title top left, Page bottom right 
      5 Title top center, page number bottom right 
      6 Title top center, page number bottom right for odd numbers, left
                for even 
      7 Title  top,  page  bottom,  both right for odd numbers, left for
                even 
      The default is code 0.  
3 CHAPTER_LAYOUT 

 .CHAPTER LAYOUT code [,spacing] 
 .CHLO [code] [,spacing] 

      This command changes the layout for the first page of a chapter or
      appendix without having  any  effect  on  any  other  pages.   The

      parameters  are  specified  in  the same manner as for the .LAYOUT
      command.  If this command is not used, or used with no parameters,
      the layout will be the same all pages of a document.  
3 HEADER 

 .HEADER 
 .HD 

      causes  the  page  header (title, subtitle, and page number) to be
      printed.  

 .NO HEADER 
 .NHD 

      causes  the  page  header (title, subtitle, and page number) to be
      omitted.  If a layout other than 0 is used, then the  page  number
      is  still printed at the bottom of the page and only the title and
      subtitle are suppressed.  The header lines are completely omitted,
      so  that text begins at the top margin where the header would nor-
      mally start.  The first page of output from ROF is formatted as if
      the .NO HEADER command had been issued, while subsequent pages are
      formatted as if the .HEADER command had been issued.  This may  be
      changed by issuing the .FIRST TITLE command before any text on the
      first page.  

 .HEADER PAGE 

      sets  RUNOFF  to  print the word PAGE in front of the page number.
      This is the initial or default option.  

 .HEADER NO PAGE 

      set  RUNOFF to print only the page number without the word PAGE in
      front of it.  This essentially supresses  the  pre-header  on  the
      page number.  
3 HEADER_SPACING 

 .HEADER SPACING [n] 
 .HDSP [n] 

      sets  the  spacing  between  the title and the first line of text.
      The value n is the number of lines to skip.  If n is not specified
      then  the current spacing per line of text is used as the default.
      The initial setting is 3.  The minimum value for n is 1 and  if  0
      is specified the value of 1 is assumed.  
3       List_example 
 Say  you  wish  to  make up a list of the colors of the rainbow.  To do
 this you could issue the following commands.  
          .list 0
          .le RED
          .le ORANGE
          .le YELLOW
          .le GREEN
          .le BLUE
          .le VIOLET
          .end list
 The result would be the following:  
                1.  RED 
                2.  ORANGE 
                3.  YELLOW 
                4.  GREEN 
                5.  BLUE 
                6.  VIOLET 


 It  is  possible  to preceed the list with letters as A,B,C ...  and so
 on, or by Roman numerals.  To do this see the  .DISPLAY  LIST  command.
 The following commands control lists:  
3 _LIST 

 .LIST [n] ["char"] 
 .LS [n] ["char"] 

      starts  an  indented  numbered list with n spacing, moves the left
      margin 9 spaces to the right for the first  LIST  command,  and  4
      more  spaces  for each subsequent nested LIST.  The n specified in
      the .LIST command skips n lines before each list  element  in  the
      current  list.  If the spacing is set to other than single spacing
      the actual number of blank lines is n times the spacing.  If n  is
      omitted  the  current  paragraph spacing is used.  If the optional
      character "char" is specified, then the character is output rather
      than  a number.  This is useful for producing a "bullet" by speci-
      fying "o" as the optional character.  
3 LIST_ELEMENT 

 .LIST ELEMENT 
 .LE 

      starts  an  item  in  the  list, used in conjunction with the LIST
      comand.  If you want to type the text on the same line as the com-
      mand,  you must separate the text from the command with any number
      of intervening spaces or  tabs,  or  (optionally)  one  semicolon.
      Each  list  element  produces  a number followed by the text.  The
      first list element is numbered 1 the second 2  and  so  on.   Each
      number is normally followed by a decimal point ( . ) and 2 spaces.
      If you prefer letters, roman numerals or some character other than
      the  decimal  point see .DISPLAY ELEMENTS.  The text lines up with
      the current left margin and the numbers are placed 4 spaces to the
      left  of  the  new left margin.  The numbers will not be placed to
      the left of the permanent left margin.  If you  want  the  numbers
      lined  up  on  the  left margin with the text indented, you may do
      this by issuing .LM after the .LS command to reset the left margin
      back to the permanent left margin.  A .TEST PAGE is taken for each
      list element according to the value set in the last .PARAGRAPH  or
      .SET PARAGRAPH command.  

      This command may be used without preceeding it by a .LIST command.
      The numbers will again be indented -4 from the current margin  but
      not to the left of the permanent margin.  This might be considered
      to be the 0'th or base list.  All of  the  other  commands  except
      .END LIST apply to this list also.  
3 END_LIST 

 .END LIST n 
 .ELS n 

      Terminate  the  .LIST command and returns the settings to the same
      as for the last .LIST command.  The  optional  value  n  sets  the
      spacing  at  the end of the current list.  If none is supplied the
      current paragraph spacing is used.  The  actual  number  of  lines
      skipped is n times the current spacing.  
3 NUMBER_LIST 

 .NUMBER LIST [+-n] 
 .NMLS [+-n] 

      sets  the next number in the list to n.  If n is preceeded by + or
      - then the next list element number will be the current one + or -
      n.   If n is omitted the next element is numbered 1.  You may also
      specify a letter instead of n.  If this is done A  corresponds  to
      1,  B  to  2  and so on.  The maximum value for n is 4000.  If the
      current list element is numbered 10 and you specify  .NUMBER  LIST
      +2 the the next element will be 12.  
3 _CHAPTER 
 .CHAPTER [text] 
 .CH [text] 

      starts  a  new chapter using the text as the title of the chapter.
      The text may not contain escape sequences,  and  tabs  within  the
      text  are  treated  as ordinary spaces.  This command declares the
      text as being chapter oriented, which  has  effects  on  the  page
      numbers and the section headers.  This command acts as if the fol-
      lowing command string were entered:  

           .NO HEADER .PAGE SIZE .PAGE 
           .FIGURE 12 .CENTER;  CHAPTER n 

      The  n  is incremented by 1 automatically.  After the CHAPTER n is
      typed on the page the following are executed:  

           .BLANK 2 .CENTER;  text 
           .BLANK 3 .TITLE text 
           .FILL .HEADER .SUBTITLE 

      The  result of this command is a chapter heading with centered ti-
      tle and chapter number.  The chapters of this document are an  ex-
      ample  of  this  format.   This  command resets the case, margins,
      spacing, and justify/fill modes.  It also clears any subtitles and
      sets the chapter name as the title.  The title will appear in CAPS
      unless it contains a shift down (\\).  If the .NO AUTOTITLE or .NO
      TITLE  command  is  used, the page title will not automatically be
      the same as the chapter title.  To retain control over the margins
      and  spacing you should use the .PAGE SIZE command to set the per-
      manent margins and spacing before the  .CHAPTER  command  is  exe-
      cuted.  

      It  is  possible  to reformat the chapters with the .STYLE CHAPTER
      command.  The chapter numbers may be selected to be letters or Ro-
      man  numerals  with the .DISPLAY CHAPTER command.  In addition the
      .DISPLAY CHAPTER command may also change  the  word  "CHAPTER"  to
      another word, or just blank space.  The STYLE and DISPLAY commands
      when used together can completely alter the chapter header.  
3 APPENDIX 

 .APPENDIX [text] 
 .AX [text] 

      starts a new appendix using the text as the title of the appendix.
      This command performs the same functions as .CHAPTER  except  that
      an  appendix  results.  This command acts as if the following com-
      mand string were entered:  

           .NO HEADER .PAGE SIZE .PAGE
           .FIGURE 12 .CENTER  APPENDIX a
           .BLANK 2 .CENTER; text
           .BLANK 3 .TITLE text
           .FILL .HEADER .SUBTITLE 

      The  letter  a  following  APPENDIX  is  incremented  before it is
      printed.  Both .STYLE CHAPTER and .DISPLAY APPENDIX alter the look
      of the appendix header.  
3 NUMBER_CHAPTER 

 .NUMBER CHAPTER [+-n] 
 .NMCH [+-n] 

      supplies  a number (n) to be used in a subsequent CHAPTER command.
      NUMBER CHAPTER would be used when a chapter of a document occupies
      a source file of its own.  In such a case, NUMBER CHAPTER would be
      the first command of the source file.  n may  also  be  a  letter.

      The  maximum value for n is 255 or the largest letter is JT.  This
      would also be used if you wish to skip  a  chapter  for  insertion
      later on.  To skip chapters specify +n.  If the current chapter is
      10 and you specify .NUMBER CHAPTER +2 the next chapter will be 12.
      If  n is omitted the the next chapter will be number 1.  This com-
      mand also enables chapter numbering.  When chapter numbering is in
      effect  each  .CHAPTER or .APPENDIX command resets the page number
      to 1 and the chapter or appendix number are printed with the  page
      number  as  part  of  the  page header.  This is the normal RUNOFF
      mode.  

 .NO NUMBER CHAPTER 

      disables chapter numbering.  When it is disabled, the page numbers
      are not reset with each chapter or appendix, and  the  chapter/ap-
      pendix  number is not printed as part of the header.  This command
      must be issued before the first .CHAPTER or .APPENDIX  command  if
      you  wish  to disable chapter-page numbering.  In addition it must
      be reissued after each .NUMBER CHAPTER if you  intend  to  control
      chapter numbering but wish running page numbers.  
3 NUMBER_APPENDIX 

 .NUMBER APPENDIX [+-n] 

      supplies  a number or letter to be used as the letter for a subse-
      quent APPENDIX command.  n may  also  be  a  letter.   See  NUMBER
      CHAPTER.   The maximum value for n is 255 or the largest letter is
      JT.  
3 STYLE_CHAPTER 

 .STYLE CHAPTER [n1],[-n2],[-n3],[-n4],[-n5] 
 .STCH [n1],[-n2],[-n3],[-n4],[-n5] 

      changes the style of the chapter headers.  
      n1 = The number of lines to skip before printing CHAPTER.  
      n2 = Number  of  lines  to  skip after the word CHAPTER.  If n2=-1
           then the title and word CHAPTER will appear on the same line. 
      n3 = Number  of lines from title to text.  If n3=-1 then the title
           and any following text will be on the same line.  
      n4 = The number of spaces to indent the word CHAPTER.  
      n5 = The number of spaces to indent the title.  If n4 or n5 are -1
           then the line will be centered.  If n4 or n5 are -2 then  the
           lines are right justified.  

      The default values are 12,1,3,-1,-1.  
3 Header_example 
 A  section  header  consists of a string of numbers (n1.n2.n3....) fol-
 lowed by a title.  For example this section is preceeded by  a  section
 header  with  the title "Section Headers".  There are a variety of com-
 mands to control section headers.  If you are using either the .CHAPTER
 or  .APPENDIX  command  then  the  first  number  n1 is the same as the
 chapter or appendix number.  The number  of  numbers  (n1.n2...)  which
 preceed  the  section  header  is call the level of the header.  If you
 have a chapter oriented document, the chapter number is not included in
 the numbering.  For example the following header is at level 4 

      1.2.3.4 Example of a header 

 The following is at level 6:  

      3.1.1.1.1.1 Example of a header 

 Section  headers  always consist of at least 2 numbers so that in a non
 chapter orinted document header s at level 1 are printed as  n.0.   The
 following commands control the header levels.  
3 HEADER_LEVEL 


 .HEADER LEVEL [+-n] text 
 .HL [+-n] text 

      starts  a  section  at the level specified and takes the following
      text as the header or title of the section.  n can range from 1 to
      6.   The  sections  are  incremented  by  1 automatically, and the
      number is output in the form i.j.k.l.m.  If this is a chapter  or-
      iented  document,  the  i is the chapter number.  Otherwise, it is
      the number of the .HL 1 level.  This command acts as a:  

           .BREAK .TEST PAGE 7 .BLANK 2  

      followed  by the section number, two spaces, and the section name.
      if the level number is  preceeded  by  + or -  the  current  level
      number is the previous one + or - the value specified.  
      LEVEL 1 capitalizes the section name and separates it from the the
                rest of the text by putting it on a separate line.  
      LEVEL  2 only separates the section name from the rest of the text
                by a break.  
      LEVELS 3,4,5 run the title and following text together and the ti-
                tle and text are separated by a single dash.  
                If  the title is too long to fit on 1 line it is filled,
                justified, and continued on the next  line  indented  to
                line  up with the first part of the title.  Autohyphena-
                tion is not performed on header titles.  
      If  the title is omitted, only the number is printed, and the next
      line of text follows it separated by 2 spaces.  For this  case  no
      distinction is made between different level numbers.  
3 NUMBER_LEVEL 

 .NUMBER LEVEL [+-n1],[+-n2],[+-n3],[+-n4],[+-n5],[+-n6] 
 .NMLV [+-n1],[+-n2],[+-n3],[+-n4],[+-n5],[+-n6] 

      sets  the  next header to the number specified.  If n is preceeded
      by + or - the n is added or subtracted  from  the  current  value.
      The  next  time .HEADER LEVEL is used the number specified will be
      the header number.  If the next .HEADER LEVEL command specifies  a
      level  different from the one implied in the .NUMBER LEVEL command
      the result will be undefined.  If n1  is  omitted  then  the  next
      level  will be 1.0.  Instead of a number n may be up to 2 letters.
      The maximum value for n is 255 or the largest letter is  JT.   For
      example the following command sequence is specified:  

                .NUMBER HEADER 5,4,3,2 .HEADER LEVEL 

      The result of this would be:  

                5.4.3.2 
      If  the current level is 1.2.3.4 and .NUMBER LEVELS +1,+1,-1,-1 is
      specified, then the next section header will be 2.3.2.3.  
3 STYLE_HEADERS 

 .STYLE HEADERS [n1],[n2],[n3],[n4],[n5],[n6],[n7],[n8],[n9] 
 .STHL [n1],[n2],[n3],[n4],[n5],[n6],[n7],[n8],[n9] 

      controls the formats of the header levels.  The initial default is
      in ().  
      n1  = The lowest level at which text starts on same line as title.
           (3) 
      n2 = The lowest level with title capitalized.  (1) 
      n3 = The higest level with first letter of title in CAPS.  (6) 
      n4 = Lowest level with no level number.  (7) 
      n5  =  Lowest  level with centered title and number.  If the title
           and text are on the same line no centering occurrs.  (7) 
      n6 = The number of blank lines before the header.  (2) 
      n7 = The number of blank lines after the title.  (1) 
      n8 = The implicit test page value (7) 
      n9 = Number spaces between section number and title.  (2) 
3 INDENT_LEVELS 

 .INDENT LEVELS n1,n2 

      this  causes  the header levels to be indented by n1 from the left
      margin and indented n2 from the right margin.  A positive value of
      n1 causes indentation to the right of the left margin.  A positive
      value of n2 causes indentation to the left of the right margin.  
3 _ENABLE_LEVELS 

 .ENABLE LEVELS [+-n1],[+-n2] 

      enables output of header levels up to n1, and TOC output up to n2.
      In other words the .DOC file will have header levels 1 to  n1  and
      the .RNT file will have levels up to n2.  If n2 is greater than n1
      the .RNT file will only contain levels up to n1.  The  default  is
      6.  If n is not specified the default is assumed.  
3 DISPLAY 
4 NUMBER 
 .DISPLAY NUMBER ["pre-header",] [format] [,"post-header"] 
 .DNM ["pre-header",] [format] [,"post-header"] 

      controls the format of the page numbers as they are printed at the
      top of the page, in the index and in the table of  contents.   The
      pre  and  post headers specify text to be printed before and after
      the page number.  The pre-header may consist of  up  to  10  char-
      acters.  The post headr may be up to 10 characters long.  This ex-
      tra text is only printed on  the  individual  pages,  and  do  not
      appear  in  the index or table of contents page numbers.  Any flag
      characters included in the pre or post header  text  are  printed,
      and  do  not act as flags.  In addition no case conversion is made
      on the header text.  This restriction on flags may be  removed  in
      future releases of Bonner Lab Runoff.  The pre or post headers may
      be enclosed in either apostrophes (') or quotes (").   The  format
      applies  to  the  page  number.   It can be either regular decimal
      numbers, Roman numerals, or a sequence of letters.  See the  table
      of  formats  below.   You may specify only the pre-header and omit
      the format and post-header.  However if you wish  to  specify  the
      post-header you must specify the format.  The pre-header is always
      optional.  

      Assume you want pages to be numbered in lower case roman numerals.
      You would use the following command:  
           .DISPLAY NUMBER RL 
      As  another  example say you wish to print a 4 page memorandum and
      on each page you want the page number  and  the  total  number  of
      pages printed as n/4.  To do this you issue the following command. 
           .DISPLAY NUMBER "", D, "/4" 
      The first page is numbered 1/1 the second 1/2 and so on.  

      This document is numbered with:  
           .DISPLAY "- ",D," -".  

      The default is:  
           .DISPLAY NUMBER "Page" , D , "" 
4 format 



              format        Description 
              ______        ___________

                    D         Decimal numbers
                              (1,2,3......)
              LU      Letters uppercase
                              (A,B,C.....Z,AA,AB,AC....)
              LL      Letters lowercase
                              (a,b,c.....)
              LM      Letters mixed (first is uppercase) 
                              (A,B....,Aa,Ab,...)
              RU      Roman numerals uppercase 
                              (I,II,....)
              RL      Roman lowercase 
                              (i,ii.....)
              RM      Roman mixed 
                              (I,Ii,Iii......)
4 CHAPTER 

 .DISPLAY CHAPTER ["pre-header",] [format] [,"post-header"] 
 .DCH ["pre-header",] [format] [,"post-header"] 

      controls  the  format  of  the chapter numbers as they are printed
      when the .CHAPTER command is used.  The pre-header  is  up  to  10
      characters  of  text to be printed in front of the chapter number.
      The format determines what type of number is printed.   See  .DIS-
      PLAY  NUMBER.  The post-header is up to 4 characters to be printed
      after the chapter number.  

      For  example rather than chapters you want sections with numbering
      by Roman numerals, so you include the following in your .RNO file: 
           .DISPLAY 'Section (' , RU , ')' 
      When  you issue the .CHAPTER command for the 6'th time you get the
      following in the chapter header:  
           Section (VI) 

      The default is:  
           .DISPLAY CHAPTER "CHAPTER " , D , "" 
4 APPENDIX 

 .DISPLAY APPENDIX ["pre-header",] [format] [,"post-header"] 
 .DAX ["pre-header",] [format] [,"post-header"] 

      controls  the  format of the appendix number.  This works the same
      way as .DISPLAY CHAPTER.  

      The default is:  
           .DISPLAY APPENDIX "APPENDIX " , LU , "" 
4 SUBPAGE 

 .DISPLAY SUBPAGE [format] 
 .DSP [format] 

      controls  the format of the subpage number.  It is normally upper-
      case letters.  See .DISPLAY NUMBER for a table  of  possible  for-
      mats.  
4 LEVELS 

 .DISPLAY LEVELS [fm1],[fm2],[fm3],[fm4],[fm5],[fm6] 
 .DHL [fm1],[fm2],[fm3],[fm4],[fm5],[fm6] 

      sets the header level numbers to be displayed in the selected for-
      mat.  fm1 to fm6 are format codes for LEVELS 1 to 6.  See .DISPLAY
      NUMBER for a table of possible formats.  

      The default is:  
           .DISPLAY LEVELS D,D,D,D,D,D 
4 ELEMENTS 

 .DISPLAY ELEMENTS ["l"] [,format] [,"r"] 
 .DLE ["l",] [format] [,"r"] 

      this command sets the format of the current LIST element.  The "l"
      and "r" are the left and right characters to put around  the  list
      number.   See  .LIST, .LIST ELEMENT, .END LIST for explanations of
      the list elements.  See .DISPLAY NUMBER for a  table  of  possible
      formats.   Once you have specified the display characteristics for
      a given list it will remain specified even  after  more  .LIST  or
      .END  LIST  commands.  The optional characters may be delimited by
      either quotes ["] or a pair of apostrophes ['].  The default  for-
      mat is:  
           .DISPLAY ELEMENTS "" , D , "." 
      If  you  wish to setup your lists at the beginning of the document
      to normal outline form you issue the following commands.  
           .LIST 0 .LIST 0 .DISPLAY ELEMENTS LU 
           .LIST 0 .DISPLAY ELEMENTS LL 
           .END LIST 0 .END LIST 0 .END LIST 0 
     3 AUTOBREAK 

      .AUTOBREAK ["characters-to-test"] 
      .AB ["characters-to-test"] 

           This  command allows automatic optional breaks after selected
           characters.  The selected characters are specified in  a  li-
           teral  string.  For example you wish to have breaks after hy-
           phens, so you issue the command .AB '-'.  Then  if  the  word
           self-deceit  overflows  the  end of a line ROF can then break
           the word after the hyphen.  Another use would be  in  tabula-
           tion.  For examples of this see the .TAB RIGHT command.  

      .NO AUTOBREAK ["characters-to-disable"] 
      .NAB 

           This  turns off the automatic break feature.  In addition any
           characters you wish to disable as autobreak characters may be
           listed in a literal.  
     3 AUTOPARAGRAPH 

      .AUTOPARAGRAPH 
      .AP 

           causes  any  blank  line or any line starting with a space or
           tab to be considered as the start of a new  paragraph.   This
           command  allows  normally  typed text to be justified without
           special commands.  It does not cause  a  paragraph  if  blank
           lines  are followed by a command.  This command works only if
           FILL is enabled.  When AUTOPARAGRAPH is enabled all  tabs  at
           the start of a line are removed except in NOFILL mode.  

      .NO AUTOPARAGRAPH 
      .NAP 

           disengages the AUTOPARAGRAPH mode.  
     3 AUTOHYPHENATE 

      .AUTOHYPHENATE [minsp] 
      .AH [minsp] 

           turns on automatic hyphenation.  When it is on ROF will auto-
           matically hyphenate words wherever  necessary.   If  .DISABLE
           HYPHENATION is used all hyphenation including autohyphenation
           is disabled, until .ENABLE HYPHENATION is issued.  Autohyphe-
           nation is enabled initially so this command need not be used,
           unless the .NO AUTOHYPHENATE command has been used.  The  au-
           tohyphenation  follows  the  normal  rules  of  style.  A hy-
           phenated word will always leave at least 2 letters on the end
           of  first  line, and at least 3 on the beginning of the next.
           The hyphenation parameter may be used to control the hyphena-
           tion to make it more pleasing.  
           minsp  =  The  minimum number of characters before the end of
           the line.  In other words if minsp=7 a word will not be auto-
           matically hyphenated unless the number of characters in it is
           7 or more and at least 6 characters occurr to the  left  side
           of  the  right margin.  Large values of minsp inhibit all but
           very long words from being hyphenated, while the value 3  al-
           lows  hyphenation  of  all words consistent with the rules of
           style.  
           The default is .AH 3 
           If minsp is omitted, the previous value is kept.  

           For more information see .ENABLE HYPHENATION.  

      .NO AUTOHYPHENATE 
      .NAH 

           turns  off  autohyphenation.   When it is off user selectable
           hyphenation may still be used.  Note that autohyphenation may
           be  turned  off  temporarily for 1 word by preceeding it with
           the hyphenate flag.  
     3 AUTOTITLE 

      .AUTOTITLE 
      .AT 

           This  command enables automatic titles.  Everytime you give a
           .CHAPTER or .APPENDIX command the chapter or  appendix  title
           will  be  used  as the title at the top of the page.  This is
           the normal default so it is no necessary to  give  this  com-
           mand.  

      .NO AUTOTITLE 
      .NAT 

           turns  off the autotitle mode.  When off the .CHAPTER or .AP-
           PENDIX commands will not automatically generate titles.  
     3 AUTOSUBTITLE 

      .AUTOSUBTITLE [+-n] 
      .AST [+-n] 

           Turns  on  autosubtitling.  When this is on each header level
           command lower than n sets the subtitle to the current  header
           level title.  The default for n is 1.  

      .NO AUTOSUBTITLE 
      .NAST 

           Turns off autosubtitling.  This is the normal default.  
     3 BEGIN_BAR 

      .BEGIN BAR 
      .BB 

           Causes the change bar to be printed in the document.  It will
           be printed until a .END BAR command is encountered.  

      .END BAR 
      .EB 

           This command stops the printing of change bars.  
     3 FILL 

      .FILL 
      .F 

           Causes  a break and specifies that subsequent output lines be
           filled (inital setting).  Sets the justification mode  to  be
           that  specified  by  the last appearance of JUSTIFY or NOJUS-
           TIFY.  FILL adds successive words from the source text  until
           the adding of one more word will exceed the right margin.  It
           stops before putting the last word in.  (If  hyphenation  has
           not  been  disabled,  ROF  will  attempt to break words which
           cause line overflow into syllables.) Normally the end  of  an
           input line is treated as a space unless the command .NO SPACE
           is used.  

      .NO FILL 
      .NF 

           disengages  the FILL and JUSTIFY modes.  This command is used
           to permit typing a table.  
     3 JUSTIFY 

      .JUSTIFY 
      .J 

           Causes a break and sets subsequent output lines to be justif-
           ied (initial setting).   The  command  increases  the  spaces
           between  words  until  the  last word exactly meets the right
           margin.  

      .NO JUSTIFY 
      .NJ 

           Causes  a break and prevents justification of subsequent out-
           put lines to make a ragged right margin.  
     3 KEEP 

      .KEEP 
      .K 

           This  command  allows  you to keep blank lines while in .FILL
           mode.  Normally blank lines in the input are ignored 

      .NO KEEP 
      .NK 

           This command turns off .KEEP so that blank lines in the input
           file are ignored.  
     3 LITERAL 

      .LITERAL 
      .LT 

           turns  off  all  flags and all features to permit printing of
           text exactly as it appears in the source file.   In  addition
           all  commands are disabled except for .END LITERAL.  Commands
           appear in the output as if  they  were  normal  text.   Blank
           lines  are  output instead of being ignored.  This command is
           almost equivalent to the following sequence of commands.  
                .NO FILL .NO FLAGS ALL .NO FLAGS CONTROL 
           Unlike  the sequence above the .LITERAL command may be turned
           off by the .END LITERAL command.  

      .END LITERAL 
      .ELI 

           is used at the end of a LITERAL to allow normal text process-
           ing again.  This is the only  command  recognized  after  the
           .LITERAL command.  It is equivalent to the following:  
                .FLAGS CONTROL .FLAGS ALL 
           In  addition  the  fill  mode is restored if it was in effect
           when the .LITERAL command was issued.  
     3 PERIOD 

      .PERIOD 
      .PR 

           enables  printing  of two spaces after every punctuation that
           is followed by at least one separator character (initial set-
           ting).  The legal punctuations are:  
                .  ;  :  ?  !  
           If you wish to prevent 2 spaces from being inserted after one
           of these punctuation marks you may insert a  SPACE  flag  (#)
           after the punctuation rather than a space.  

      .NO PERIOD 
      .NPR 

           disengages  conversion  of  punctuation/separator to punctua-
           tion/two spaces.  
     3 NO_SPACE 

      .NO SPACE 
      .NSP 

           This  command  may be used to join 2 filled lines without the
           normal space in the output between them.  If .FILL is engaged
           and  you  issue  .NO SPACE after a line, the end of that line
           will not automatically generate a space in  the  output  .DOC
           file.  
     3 SEPARATED_EQUATION 

      .SEPARATED EQUATION 
      .SEQ 

           Begins  separated  equation  mode.   In this mode an equation
           will automatically generate extra lines to separate it  prop-
           erly from other equations or text.  This mode may not be used
           in a FOOTNOTE.  The restriction on this mode may  be  changed
           in future releases.  

      .END SEPARATED EQUATION 
      .ESEQ 

           This  ends  the  separated equation mode.  This is the normal
           default.  If you format an equation with the SEPARATED  EQUA-
           TION mode off and the equation occupies more than the alloted
           spacing, it may print over other text.  
     3 UNDERLINE 

      .UNDERLINE "chars to underline" 
      .UN "chars to underline" 

           This  command  sets the specified characters as underlinable.
           Normally all characters other than spaces  are  underlinable.
           For  example you wish to underline spaces so you use the fol-
           lowing command:  
                .UNDERLINE " " 

      .NO UNDERLINE "chars to not underline" 
      .NUN "chars to not underline" 

           This  command  sets the specified characters as not underlin-
           able.  Normally only the space is not underlinable.  For  ex-
           ample  you  do not wish to underline common punctuation marks
           so you use the command:  
                .NO UNDERLINE ".,?!;:" 
           If  you  don't  want  to  underline  either the apostrophe or
           quotes:  
                .NO UNDERLINE "'" .NO UNDERLINE '"' 

      .UNDERLINE SPACES 

           sets  RUNOFF  to  underline  the spaces imbedded in a line of
           text to be underlined.  This is the same as .UNDERLINE " ".  

      .UNDERLINE NO SPACES 

           set  RUNOFF  to  not  underline  spaces imbedded in a line of
           text.  This is the normal option.  This command is  the  same
           as .NO UNDERLINE " ".  
     3 VARIABLE SPACING 

      .VARIABLE SPACING 
      .VARSP 

           this command enables the variable spacing mode.  In this mode
           ROF uses microspaces to pad out spaces between  words  for  a
           justified  line.   To  use  this  your printer must either be
           DIABLO compatible or you must define  an  appropriate  escape
           sequence  for variable spacing via the .DEFINE VARIABLE SPACE
           command.  This command should not be  confused  with  propor-
           tional  spacing.   Each letter is still assumed to accupy the
           same amount of physical space unlike a proportionally  spaced
           font.  


                                       NOTE

                When  using  .VARIABLE  SPACING  and  .UNDERLINE" "
                switch /UL:L will not work correctly.  Gaps will be
                left  in  the  underlining at each variable spacing
                point.  For such cases /UL:B is recommended.  



           .NO VARIABLE SPACING 
      .NVARSP 

           this disables the variable spacing mode.  
3 LEFT_MARGIN 

 .LEFT MARGIN [+-n] 
 .LM [+-n] 

      sets the left margin to n.  The n must be less than the right mar-
      gin but not less than 0.  The initial setting is 0.  If n  is  not
      supplied,  the permanent margin is used.  You should note that tab
      stops are relative to the margin at 0.  In other words if you  set
      .LEFT  MARGIN 10 .TAB STOPS 10,15,20,25 the tab stop at 10 will be
      ineffective because it is already at the left margin.  
3 RIGHT_MARGIN 

 .RIGHT MARGIN [+-n] 
 .RM [+-n] 

      sets the right margin n.  The n must be greater than the left mar-
      gin.  The initial setting is 60.  If n is not supplied,  the  cur-
      rent page width (set with the PAGE SIZE command) is used.  
3 TOP_MARGIN 


 .TOP MARGIN [+-n] 
 .TM [+-n] 

      sets the top margin or the number of blank lines at the top of the
      page to n.  The top margin must be less than the number  of  total
      lines in the page.  The default value is 0.  If n is not specified
      the top margin is reset to the default or  permanent  value.   See
      also .PAGE SIZE command below.  
3 PAGE_SIZE 

 .PAPER SIZE [+-h],[+-w],[+-l],[+-t],[s] 
 .PAGE SIZE [+-h],[+-w],[+-l],[+-t],[s] 
 .PS [+-h],[+-w],[+-l],[+-t],[s] 

      sets  the  size  of  the  page to h by w for the height and width.
      Also sets the LEFT MARGIN to l, the TOP MARGIN to t and the  spac-
      ing to s.  The initial setting is 58,60,0,0,1.  These settings are
      permanent since they are now the new default for the  duration  of
      the document.  Every .CH command will reinstate the PAGE SIZE set-
      tings.  In addition the other margin commands without any  margins
      specified  will reset the requested margin to the permanent value.
      You may reset all of these values to the permanent value by  issu-
      ing  the .PAGE SIZE command without any parameters.  The permanent
      values are used to determine the margins of the  heading  on  each
      page.   The older versions of RUNOFF used only the temporary right
      margin to set the header margins.  If the margins are set so  that
      there  are  fewer  than 16 lines on a page or fewer than 16 spaces
      per line the .PAGE SIZE command will be  rejected  with  an  error
      message.  This restriction also applies to the margin commands.  


                                     NOTE

           If  you wish this command or any other margin command to
           set the margins for the entire  document  including  the
           first  page,  you  must put the command before all text,
           and spacing commands.  A spacing  command  is  .BLANK  ,
           .SKIP,  .FIGURE, or any other command that generates ex-
           tra blank lines.  


3 SET_PARAGRAPH 

 .SET PARAGRAPH [indent],[spacing],[test-page-lines] 
 .SPR 

      sets the paragraph parameters without actually causing a break, or
      starting a new paragraph.  This is similar to the .PARAGRAPH  com-
      mand.  The parameters specifed in this command also have an effect
      on the following commands:  
           .LIST              .LIST ELEMENT       .END LIST
           .NOTE              .PRINT INDEX        .DO INDEX           
3 SPACING 

 .SPACING [n] 
 .SP [n] 

      sets  the  number of spaces between lines.  The n can range from 1
      to 5.  If n is omitted the permanent spacing (normally 1) is  res-
      tored.   The  permanent  spacing is set by the .PAGE SIZE command.
      This command influences .PARAGRAPH, .SET PARAGRAPH, and .SKIP.  It
      has  no  effect  on  .TEST PAGE, .FIGURE, or .BLANK.  SPACING 1 is
      like single spacing on a typewriter and SPACING 2 is  like  double
      spacing.  SPACING 2 puts one blank line between lines of text.  
3 HALF_SPACING 

 .HALF SPACING [n] 

      This command is very similar to the spacing command except that it
      turns on half spaing.  The n will be the number of half lines  per
      line  of  text.  Once half spacing is enabled, every command which
      specifies spacing now works in increments of half lines.  Commands
      which are affected by half spacing are:  
           .BLANK             .FIGURE             .FIGURE DEFERRED
           .PAGE SIZE         .TOP MARGIN         .SPACING
           .HEADER SPACING    .LAYOUT             .STYLE LEVELS
           .STYLE CHAPTER     


                                     NOTE

           This command will only work properly if the printer sup-
           ports half spacing.  In addition the half spacing escape
           sequence  must  be defined by .DEFINE SUBSCRIPT if it is
           not the same as for DIABLO printers.  



 .NO HALF SPACING 

      This  turns  off  the  half  spacing  option.   All commands which
      specify a spacing will work in increments of 1 space only.  Previ-
      ously specified spacing will however remain the same.  
3 LOCK 

 .LOCK 

      this  command locks a number of page formatting parameters.  While
      locked these parameters can not be changed.  Essentially all  com-
      mands  that change the page format are locked.  The following com-
      mands will give error messages if issued after a .LOCK command:  

      .HEADER UPPER           .HEADER LOWER       .HEADER MIXED
      .HEADER PAGE            .HEADER NO PAGE     .HEADER SPACING
      .NO HEADER              .HEADER             .INDENT LEVELS
      .PAGE SIZE              .TOP MARGIN         .STYLE (all commands)
      .STANDARD               .NO NUMBER          .NO NUMBER CHAPTER
      .NO TITLE               .LAYOUT
      .DISPLAY (all commands) 

      In addition the .NUMBER CHAPTER will not reinstate chapter number-
      ing, and .NUMBER PAGE will not reinstate page numbering.   If  you
      are  careful  to  put all page formatting commands into a separate
      file, this command will probably not be necessary.  If however you
      have been foolish enough to sprinkle them throughout your text, or
      you need to merge several documents into a single  coherent  tome,
      this command can be a valuable short cut.  

      This  is intended to facilitate merging several files into 1 docu-
      ment.  You first set up all the  parameters  mentioned  above  and
      then lock them.  If you still have page formatting commands in the
      rest of the document they will not be obeyed.  This will produce a
      uniform document with all the same format.  
3 TAB 
4 STOPS 

 .TAB STOPS [n1],[n2], .  .  .  ,[n32] 
 .TS [n1],[n2], .  .  .  ,[n32] 

      sets tabs.  The n must be listed in ascending order.  The value of
      a tab stop (n) must be between 1 to 255.  If tabs  already  exist,
      the  issuing of another TAB STOPS command clears all previous tabs
      before setting new ones.  Initially tabs are set  at  eight-column
      intervals  to match the Digital hardware standard.  These tabs are
      at columns 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 72, and  80.   The  tabs
      are  converted to the appropriate number of non-expandable spaces.
      If there are no regular spaces to the left of the tabs, they  will
      print  out at the appropriate position, even if FILL is on.  Up to
      32 tab stops may be specified.  
4 RIGHT 

 .TAB RIGHT 
 .TR 

      this  causes  the text following a tab to be right justified.  The
      text is right justified at the next tab terminator.  The  text  is
      considered  to be terminated by either a space, tab, end of line,,
      or break character.  If the break character is used to define  the
      right  side of the text, then the .FLAGS BREAK command must be is-
      sued.  This allows typing tables with the text right justified, or
      with an arbitrary point (defined by the break) lined up.  
4 example1 

      The  first  example  of  this is listing a column of figures right
      justified.  You type in the following text.  

           .NO FILL .TAB STOPS 30,40,50,60 .TAB RIGHT
           NAME     Jan       Feb       Mar       April
           Jones    152.75    0.00      3.78      1000.50
           Smith    4.95      300.22    5.75      54.95

      Which produces the following text:  

           NAME            Jan       Feb       Mar     April
           Jones        152.75      0.00      3.78   1000.50
           Smith          4.95    300.22      5.75     54.95

4 example2 
      The  second example is columns of figures lined up along the deci-
      mal points.  You input the following lines:  

           .NO FILL .FLAGS BREAK .TAB STOPS 20,30,40,50 .TAB RIGHT
                    1|.23     3|.1415   75|.2
                    789|.0    55|.2     100|.98765

      Which produces the following text.  

                   1.23      3.1415   75.2
                 789.0      55.2     100.98765

4 example3 
      Here is another way of lining up decimal points!  

           .NO FILL .FLAGS BREAK 
           .TAB STOPS 20,30,40,50 .TAB RIGHT .AUTOBREAK "."
                    1.23      3.1415    75.2
                    789.0     55.2      100.98765

      Which produces the following text.  

                  1.23      3.1415   75.2
                789.0      55.2     100.98765

4 LEFT 

 .TAB LEFT 
 .TL 

      this  sets  the  tabs back to the normal action of left justifying
      the text on  the  next  tab  stop.   This  is  the  default.   The

      following  example illustrates the .TAB LEFT command.  You type in
      the following text.  

           .NO FILL .TAB STOPS 30,40,50,60 .TAB LEFT
           NAME     Jan       Feb       Mar       April
           Jones    152.75    0.00      3.78      1000.50
           Smith    4.95      300.22    5.75      54.95

      Which produces the following text:  

           NAME               Jan       Feb       Mar       April
           Jones              152.75    0.00      3.78      1000.50
           Smith              4.95      300.22    5.75      54.95

3 ELLIPSES 

 .ELLIPSES 
 .ELL 

      causes  tabbed text to be filled with ellipses rather than spaces.
      In other words if you tab and this feature  is  enabled  the  text
      will  be  padded by ellipses ( . . . .) rather than spaces between
      tab stops.  

 .NO ELLIPSES 
 .NELL 

      turns off the ELLIPSES feature.  This is the default.  
4 example 

      For example you type in the following text:  

           .NO FILL .TAB STOPS 30,40,50,60 .TAB RIGHT
           NAME     Jan       Feb       Mar       April
           .ELLIPSES
           Jones    152.75    0.00      3.78      1000.50
           Smith    4.95      300.22    5.75      54.95

      Which produces the following text:  

           NAME            Jan       Feb       Mar     April
           Jones . . .  152.75 . .  0.00 . .  3.78 . 1000.50
           Smith . . . .  4.95 .  300.22 . .  5.75 . . 54.95
3 FLAGS 
 A  flag  is a character which performs some special action and does not
 appear in the final document.  An example of a flag  is  the  ampersand
 (&).   It  causes the next character to be underlined.  Each flag char-
 acter can be defined by the .FLAG command.  This command  defines  what
 the character does and can optionally define which character does it.  
4 example 

 For  example  the  following command will redefine the double quotes as
 the underline flag.  

      .FLAGS UNDERLINE " 

 After issuing this command any character preceeded by double quotes (")
 will be underlined.  The ampersand will then be merely a simple  print-
 ing  character.  The .NO FLAGS command disables the selected flag char-
 acter.  It is then a normal printable character.  If you issue a .FLAGS
 command  with  a character specified which is already in use as a flag,
 RUNOFF will reject the command and give you an error message.  

4 ACCEPT 

 .FLAGS ACCEPT [new flag] 
 .FL ACCEPT [new flag] 

      enables  recognition of the underscore (_) to allow printing other
      characters that are reserved to flags.  This is normally  enabled,
      but  may  be  disabled by .NO FLAGS ACCEPT.  The underscore may be
      replaced by another character to use for this flag.  

 .NO FLAGS ACCEPT 
 .NFL ACCEPT 

      disables recognition of the accept flag, so that it may be used as
      a normal character in the text.  
4 ALL 

 .FLAGS ALL 
 .FL ALL 
 .FL 

      enables  recognition of all flags that have been previously separ-
      ately enabled.  This is analogous to a master switch  which  turns
      on  all  other switches.  This command only performs a function if
      it is preceeded by a .NO FLAGS ALL.  

 .NO FLAGS ALL 
 .NFL ALL 
 .NFL 

      disables  recognition  of  all  flags except for the CONTROL flag.
      They can only be enabled again by .FLAGS ALL.  
4 BREAK 

 .FLAGS BREAK [new flag] 
 .FL BREAK [new flag] 

      enables  recognition  of the break flag (|) or vertical bar.  This
      flag is used to mark where a word or  expression  may  be  broken.
      The  expression  will  only  be broken there if it would otherwise
      exceed the right margin.  Normally this flag is not enabled.  

 .NO FLAGS BREAK 
 .NFL BREAK 

      disables the break flag.  
4 CAPITALIZE 

 .FLAGS CAPITALIZE [new flag] 
 .FL CAPITALIZE [new flag] 

      enables  recognition  of the less-than (<) character to capitalize
      the entire word it precedes.  It then returns the file to the cur-
      rent case mode.  This special character is usually off and must be
      typed at the very beginning of the  source  text  to  enable  this
      character.   Typing  a  space returns the file to the current case
      lock.  The flag command can be followed by a character to be  used
      instead  of  the  less-than  (<).  (^<) may be used as a permanent
      shift to upper case only.  (^^) will then cancel this mode.  

 .NO FLAGS CAPITALIZE 
 .NFC 

      disables recognition of the CAPITALIZE flag (inital setting).  
4 CONTROL 

 .FLAGS CONTROL [new flag] 
 .FL CONTROL [new flag] 

      allows you to specify a new CONTROL flag.  Normally it is a period
      (.).  This is the code which appears at the start  of  a  line  to
      signal a command.  

 .NO FLAGS CONTROL 
 .NFL CONTROL 

      disables  recognition  of the CONTROL flag.  Once this command has
      been issued you can no longer give any commands  including  .FLAGS
      CONTROL.  So this is a non reversable command.  
4 ESCAPE 

 .FLAGS ESCAPE [escape flag] 
 .FL ESCAPE 


      enables recognition of the escape sequence flags.  This allows you
      to issue special control codes (escape sequences) to  the  printer
      to  perform  a  variety of functions.  In addition you must ENABLE
      ESCAPE to actually output the control codes.  Normally the  escape
      flag  is  disabled.  The escape flag defines a flag symbol for the
      escape sequence.  Escape sequences can be defined for the  circum-
      flex  (^), back slash (\), and an escape character of your choice.
      To define escape sequences you must use .DEFINE ESCAPE.  

 .NO FLAGS ESCAPE 
 .NFL ESCAPE 

      disables  the  recognition  of the escape sequence flags.  This is
      the normal default.  
4 EQUATION 

 .FLAGS EQUATION 
 .FL EQUATION 

      enables  recognition  of the equation formatting flags.  This sets
      the left and right braces { } as the flags to  use  in  formatting
      equations.  

 .NO FLAGS EQUATION 
 .NFL EQUATION 

      disables recognition of the equation flags.  
4 LOWERCASE 

 .FLAGS LOWERCASE [new flag] 
 .FL LOWERCASE [new flag] 

      enables  recognition of the back slash (\) to shift temporarily to
      lower case.  This flag is also used to turn off features  such  as
      underlining.  

 .NO FLAGS LOWERCASE [new flag] 
 .NFL LOWERCASE [new flag] 

      disable recognition of the lowercase flag.  
4 HYPHENATE 

 .FLAGS HYPHENATE [new flag] 
 .FL HYPHENATE [new flag] 

      enables  recognition  of  the  equals  character  (=) to disengage
      hyphenation for the word it preceeds, or specify where ROF may hy-
      phenate  inside  a  word.  This special character is initially off
      and must be typed at the beginning of the source  file  to  enable
      this  character.   The FLAGS HYPHENATE character is used to disen-
      gage hyphenation for words improperly hyphenated by  the  hyphena-
      tion algorithm.  

 .NO FLAGS HYPHENATE 
 .NFL HYPHENATE 

      disables recognition of the HYPHENATE flag (initial setting).  
4 INDEX 

 .FLAGS INDEX [new flag] 
 .FL INDEX [new flag] 

      enables  recognition  of the index flag (>).  This flag causes the
      following word to be automatically indexed.  The  word  is  termi-
      nated  by either a space, tab, non expandable space (#), hyphenate
      flag (=) or end of line.  If more than 1 word needs to be part  of
      the index term, the words may be separated by a quoted space (_ ).

 .NO FLAGS INDEX [new flag] 
 .NFL INDEX [new flag] 

      disables  recognition of the index flag.  This is the initial set-
      ting.  
4 OVERSTRIKE 

 .FLAGS OVERSTRIKE [new flag] 
 .FL OVERSTRIKE [new flag] 

      enables  recognition of the overstrike flag (%).  This flag gener-
      ates a backspace so you may  overstrike  the  previous  character.
      This  allows  formation  of  composite  characters  to approximate
      scientific symbols or add diacritical marks for foreign languages.
      A different character other than % may be assigned to this flag.  

 .NO FLAGS OVERSTRIKE 
 .NFL OVERSTRIKE 

      disables recognition of the overstrike flag.  This is the mode RU-
      NOFF normally starts in, so if you wish to use this flag  it  must
      be enabled.  
4 SPACE 

 .FLAGS SPACE [new flag] 
 .FL SPACE [new flag] 

      enables recognition of the number (#) sign as a quoted non expand-
      able space flag.  Every time the #  appears  in  the  text  RUNOFF
      changes  it  to a space, but only 1 space even if FILL is enabled.
      A different character may be assigned to this function when it  is
      enabled.  This flag is normally enabled.  

 .NO FLAGS SPACE 
 .NFL SPACE 

      disables recognition of the space flag.  
4 SPECIAL 

 .FLAGS SPECIAL [flag1][flag2][flag3] .  .  .  
 .FL SPECIAL [flag1][flag2][flag3] .  .  .  

      This  sets up a character to trigger an escape sequence.  The flag
      is the character desired.  The escape  sequence  must  be  defined
      with the first character equal to the circumflex (^).  For example
      you wish the left square braket ([) to output an  escape  sequence
      for  superscripting  on  most  printers.   You enter the following
      commands:  

           .FLAGS SPECIAL < 
           .DEFINE ESCAPE /^</ 33,"D" 

      Once  this is done, the left square bracket is no longer printable
      unless preceeded by the accept flag (_).  More than one flag char-
      acter may be specied with one command.  This command also turns on
      processing of all special flags previously defined.  

 .NO FLAGS SPECIAL [flag1][flag2][flag3] .  .  .  
 .NFL SPECIAL [flag1][flag2][flag3] .  .  .  

      This  command  turns  off special flags.  If the flag had not been
      previously defined by a .FLAGS SPECIAL command  Runoff  will  give
      you  an  error  message.  If flag characters are omitted, then all
      special flags are turned off, until a .FLAGS  SPECIAL  command  is
      executed.  
4 SUBINDEX 

 .FLAGS SUBINDEX [new flag] 
 .FL SUBINDEX [new flag] 

      enables  recognition  of  the SUBINDEX flag (>).  This flag causes
      the following text to be subindexed.  This flag is only recognized
      inside  an .X command.  Since this flag is not recognized for mor-
      mal text, it may be the same character as another flag.  

 .NO FLAGS SUBINDEX [new flag] 
 .NFL SUBINDEX [new flag] 

      disables  recognition  of  the SUBINDEX flag.  This is the initial
      setting.  
4 SUBSTITUTE 

 .FLAGS SUBSTITUTE [new flag] 
 .FL SUBSTITUTE 

      enables recognition of the dollar sign ($) as a substitution flag.
      The dollar sign then marks the start of a label  which  defines  a
      substitution.   Eight  substitutes are defined when Runoff begins.
      These allow you to output the current date or time as part of  the
      text.  
      Assuming the current date and time is 
                           January 17,1983 15:23:51
      The substitutions are:  
           Symbol                  Resulting output
           $$DATE                  17 Jan 83
           $$TIME                  15:23:51
           $$YEAR                  1983
           $$MONTH                 January
           $$DAY                   17
           $$HOURS                 15
           $$MINUTES               23
           $$SECONDS               51

      The pair of dollar signs ($$) which denote the permanent substitu-
      tions are both redefined if the substitute flag is redefined.  For
      example you redefine the substitute flag to be " then to print the
      date you must type:  ""DATE.  The permanent  substitutins  may  be
      typed  in  either  lower or upper case letters.  The following are
      equaly valid:  $$DATE $$date $$DaTe and so on.  

 .NO FLAGS SUBSTITUTE 
 .NFL SUBSTITUTE 

      disables  recognition  of  the substitute flag.  This flag is nor-
      mally disabled.  
4 UNDERLINE 

 .FLAGS UNDERLINE [new flag] 
 .FL UNDERLINE [new flag] 

      enables  recognition  of  the underline flag (&).  This is the de-
      fault so you do not normally have to do this.  

 .NO FLAGS UNDERLINE [new flag] 
 .NFL UNDERLINE [new flag] 

      disables recognition of the underline flag.  
4 UPPERCASE 

 .FLAGS UPPERCASE [new flag] 
 .FL UPPERCASE [new flag] 

      enables  recognition  of  the  circumflex (^) to engage upper case
      shift.  When this is enabled the ^ will cause the  next  character
      to  be  capitalized, and ^^ turns off the lower case lock.  If the
      circumflex is used extensively in the text an alternate  character
      may  be  specified.   This  FLAG  is  normally enabled when RUNOFF
      starts.  This flag is also used as a function lock.   For  example
      putting  a  circumflex  in  front  of  an ampersand (^&) will lock
      underlining on to allow underlining lines of text.  

 .NO FLAGS UPPERCASE 
 .NFL UPPERCASE 

      disables  recognition  of the UPPERCASE FLAG.  The ^ will then not
      shift text to uppercase.  
3 ENABLE 
 The  following  commands  can  be confused with the FLAGS commands, but
 they are very different.  The FLAGS command enables recognition of spe-
 cial  characters or combinations of characters.  The enable command en-
 ables the action which that character requests.  For  example  you  may
 enable  the  overstrike  flag  by  .FLAGS OVERSTRIKE.  The percent sign
 ( % ) will then cause overstriking and will not appear in the text.  If
 you  then issue the command .DISABLE OVERSTRIKING the percent sign will
 still not appear in the text, unless quoted, but no  overstriking  will
 occurr.  

4 BAR 

 .ENABLE BAR [n1] [,n2] 
 .EBB [n1] [,n2] 

      The change bar is a vertical bar printed in the in the left margin
      of a document.  It is generally used to note sections of the docu-
      ment  that  have been changed since the last printing of the docu-
      ment.  This command enables the printing  of  change  bars.   Bars
      will  not  actually  be printed unless a .BEGIN BAR command is is-
      sued.  This command is normally issued at the beginning of a docu-
      ment.   Each line is shifted right by n1 before the change bar and
      by n2-1 after the change bar.  If no change  bar  is  printed  the
      line  is shifted right by n1+n2.  In effect if n1 is 4 and n2 is 3
      the text line is always indented by 7 but the change bar appears 2
      spaces to the left of the text when it is turned on.  The defaults
      for n1,n2 are 0,3.  If you set a left margin the n1,n2 are in  ad-
      dition to the left margin.  

 .DISABLE BAR 
 .DBB 

      Causes change bar mode to be disabled.  If this is done at all, it
      is usually only at page breaks.  This is the default setting.  
4 ESCAPE 


 .ENABLE ESCAPE 
 .EES 

      enables  output  of  escape  sequences.  The escape sequence flags
      will be recognized, but not executed while disabled.  This is  the
      default.  

 .DISABLE ESCAPE 
 .DES 

      disables output of escape sequences.  
4 EQUATION 

 .ENABLE EQUATION n 
 .EEQ n 

      This  enables  the  equation  formatting.   The parameter n is the
      number of half lines to allocate above and below  each  character.
      The  default is .EEQ 0.  Sometimes if you are formatting equations
      with many subscripts or superscripts n=1 will look better  by  ad-
      ding more blank space to the fractions.  

 .DISABLE EQUATION 
 .DEQ 

      Disables  the  equation writing mode.  When disabled, but with the
      equation flags set via the .FLAGS EQUATION command, left and right
      braces { } are translated to be normal parentheses ( ).  
4 HYPHENATION 

 .ENABLE HYPHENATION 
 .EHY 

      enables  hyphenation.  While hyphenation is enabled RUNOFF may hy-
      phenate words at the end of an output line.  User defined hyphena-
      tion   via  the  hyphenate  flag  character  [ = ]  may  be  used.
      Automatic hyphenation is possible via the .AUTOHYPHENATE  command.
      RUNOFF will not hyphenate:  
           1.  The last line on the page 
           2.  A line following 2 hyphenated lines 
           3.  Equations 
           4.  Words  containing  escape sequences are not automatically
               hyphenated, but they may be hyphenated via the  hyphenate
               flag.  
           5.  Words  containing  overstrikes  are not automatically hy-
               phenated.  
           6.  Words  with wide characters (double, triple etc.) are not
               automatically hyphenated.  
           7.  Words containing invalid punctuation will not be automat-
               ically hyphenated.  Valid punctuation marks are:  
                                   / \ .  , ( ) " @
               For  example words containing hyphens are not hyphenated.
               Such words may be optionally broken by  using  the  break
               character or by issuing the command 
                                    .AUTOBREAK "-"
           8.  Words containing breaks are not automatically hyphenated. 
           9.  Words  containing non expandable spaces (#) are not auto-
               matically hyphenated.  
          10.  Words immediately preceeded by tabs are not automatically
               hyphenated.  

 .DISABLE HYPHENATION 
 .DHY 

      disables hyphenation of text.  Neither automatic nor user selected
      hyphenation will occurr.  
4 INDEXING 

 .ENABLE INDEXING 
 .EIX 

      enables collecting and printing of index entries.  This is the de-
      fault.  

 .DISABLE INDEXING 
 .DIX 

      disables or stops indexing.  
4 OVERSTRIKING 

 .ENABLE OVERSTRIKING 
 .EOV 

      enables  overstriking  by means of the overstrike character [ % ].
      Overstriking is normally enabled, but the flag is disabled.  

 .DISABLE OVERSTRIKING 
 .DOV 

      disables overstriking.  
4 SUBSTITUTION 

 .ENABLE SUBSTITUTION 
 .ESST 

      enables substitutions.  This is the normal default.  

 .DISABLE SUBSTITUTION 
 .DSST 

      disables  output  of substitutions.  If the substitute flag is en-
      gaged, the substitution will be recognized,  but  no  substitution
      will be made.  
4 TABS 

 .ENABLE TABS 
 .ETB 

      This enables the use of the tab key to produce tabulated or colum-
      nar output.  Tabs are normally enabled so you do not need  to  en-
      able them unless you have previously disabled them.  

 .DISABLE TABS 
 .DTB 

      This  disables  the  use of tabs.  When tabs are disabled they are
      treated as ordinary spaces.  
4 TOC 

 .ENABLE TOC 
 .ETC 

      this  allows all CHAPTER commands, and HEADER LEVEL commands to be
      output to the table of contents file.  This is  normally  enabled,
      so  you  do not have to give this command unless you have disabled
      the TOC output.  

 .DISABLE TOC 
 .DTC 

      prevents  any TOC output.  Neither CHAPTER, .HEADER LEVEL, .APPEN-
      DIX, nor .SEND TOC commands will output anything to the .RNT file.
      By using this command you can control which items are in the TOC. 
4 UNDERLINING 

 .ENABLE UNDERLINING 
 .EUN 

      enable  underlining  using the underline character [ & ].  This is
      the default.  

 .DISABLE UNDERLINING 
 .DUN 

      disables underlining.  
3 DEFINE 
4 COMMAND 

 .DEFINE COMMAND /label/command string 

      defines  commands.  The label is a 10 character command.  The com-
      mand must be letters only with no spaces  or  tabs.   The  command
      string  must  be a legal set of commands to be substituted for the
      label.  For example the following command may be defined to skip a
      line indent both margins by 5 spaces and output a centered line of
      text.  

           .DEFINE COMMAND /HEADERA/s.lm+5.rm-5.c;  
      The command is .HEADERA 

      Notice  that the first command is not preceeded by a decimal point
      as the command flag is already implied.  Essentially  the  command
      string  is substituted for the defined command.  This is a special
      use of the substitute facility.  If you use the .RESET  SUBSTITUTE
      command  the  defined commands are also removed.  The defined com-
      mands may be nested to 3 levels the same as substitutions.  
4 ESCAPE 

 .DEFINE ESCAPE "escape label" [,modifiers] definition 
                                   Modifiers
      LCK - escape sequence is a lock/unlock pair.  
      VSP,spacing  -  escape sequence changes vertical position by spac-
           ing.  
      HSP,spacing  -  sequence modifies the horizontal position by spac-
           ing.  
      PSP  -  The  horizontal spacing specified by HSP is applied to all
           printable characters following the escape sequence.  
      CHR  -  The  lock/unlock  pair  is used to change only 1 printable
           character.  
4 SUBSTITUTE 

 .DEFINE SUBSTITUTE /label/ text 

      defines  a substitution to be made in the text.  The label is pre-
      ceeded and followed by a delimiter of your choice.  The label must
      be  no  more than 10 characters long and may not contain spaces or
      tabs.  The command and the first delimiter must  be  separated  by
      one  or more spaces or tabs, but no spaces are necessary after the
      second delimiter unless you wish to  include  them  in  the  text.
      When the substitute flag is encountered in your text followed by a
      defined label, the specified text  will  be  substituted  for  the
      flag+label.   The  text may contain another substitution.  Up to 3
      levels of substitution may be nested.  The rules for multiple  de-
      finitions of escape sequences also apply to substitutions.  
5 EXAMPLE 

      EXAMPLE:  You wish to abbreviate the phrase:  
           The party of the first part 

      So you define and enable substitution:  

           .DEFINE SUBSTITUTE /P1$/The party of the first part 
           .FLAGS SUBSTITUTE 

      Then  every  time  you type into the text $P1$ you get instead the
      substitute phrase:  
           The party of the first part 
5 DELIMITERS 
      The  example of define substitute could have used different delim-
      iters if you needed to used the delimiters in the text.  For exam-
      ple it could be done as follows:  
           .DEFINE SUBSTITUTE :P1$:The party of the first part 
                     ...  or 
           .DEFINE SUBSTITUTE "P1$"The party of the first part 

5 LABELS 
      The  substitution label or name may consist of any printable char-
      acter.  Upper case or lowercase letters may be used,  however  the
      case of the letter will be ignored except for the first character.
      In other words the following commands are equivalent.  
           .DEFINE SUBSTITUTE /ABC/ 
           .DEFINE SUBSTITUTE /Abc/ 
           .DEFINE SUBSTITUTE /AbC/ 
      But the following are not equivalent.  
           .DEFINE SUBSTITUTE /aBC/ 
           .DEFINE SUBSTITUTE /ABC/ 
5 DSR_CONVENTIONS 

      A  special  convention  is used to define DSR compatible substitu-
      tions.  If the first character of the substitution name is a  dol-
      lar  sign, the dollar sign stands for the substitute flag.  If the
      substitute flag is changed to a character other  than  the  dollar
      sign then the defined substitution is considered to begin with the
      new substitute flag.  When the substitution is searched  for,  the
      case  of  the  input  characters is ignored.  An example of such a
      substitution is the $$DATE permanently defined substitution.  

            For example the following input:
                 .FLAGS SUBSTITUTE @
                 .DEFINE SUBSTITUTE /$TEST/This is a test
                @@test !!
            Will produce the following line:
                 This is a test !!
5 Warning 


                                    WARNING

           You  should always define substitutions with labels that
           do not contain other substitute labels.  For example the
           labels  ABC and A while unique will cause you no ends of
           problems.  The first label ABC contains the  second  la-
           bel.  As a result the construction $ABC could be ambigu-
           ous.  Did you intend the substitution $A followed by the
           letters  BC or the substitutions $ABC?  The easy way ar-
           ound this problem is to always terminate each  substitu-
           tion  with  a  terminal character.  It is suggested that
           the substitute flag character be used.  You  would  then
           define A$ and ABC$ as the labels.  The typist would then
           type $ABC$ for one substitution and $A$BC for the  other
           followed by BC.  


4 SUBSCRIPT 

 .DEFINE SUBSCRIPT [parameters] 

      This command allows the user to define subscript escape sequences.
      This is an escape sequence that moves the text down 1/2  space  on
      the  page.  It must be a maximum of 10 numbers or characters.  The
      command is followed by either numbers or  literals.   The  default
      is:  
           .DEFINE SUBSCRIPT 27,"U" 
      This  must  be  properly  defined for equations of half spacing to
      work.  
4 SUPERSCRIPT 

 .DEFINE SUPERSCRIPT [parameters] 

      This  command  allows  the  user  to define superscript escape se-
      quences.  This is an escape sequence that moves the text down  1/2
      space  on  the  page.  It must be a maximum of 10 numbers or char-
      acters.  The parameters are either number or  literals.   The  de-
      fault is:  
           .DEFINE SUPERSCRIPT 27,"D" 
      This  must  be  properly  defined for equations of half spacing to
      work.  
4 VARIABLE_SPACE 

 .DEFINE VARIABLE SPACE n,[parameters] 

      This command defines a micro space for implementing variable spac-
      ing between words.  The n is the number of microspaces/space.  The
      parameters  define an escape sequence which produces a microspace.
      The escape sequence may have up to 19 numbers or characters.   The
      default is:  
           .DEFINE VARIABLE SPACE 6,27,31,3," ",27,31,13 
      This defines 6 microspaces/space for a DIABLO style printer.  
3 RESET 
4 ESCAPE 

 .RESET ESCAPE 

      resets  all escape sequences.  This clears the table of escape se-
      quences so you may enter a new one by using .DEFINE ESCAPE.  After
      giving this command all escape sequences are no longer defined.  
4 SUBSTITUTE 

 .RESET SUBSTITUTE 

      resets  the  table  of substitutions so that all the previous ones
      are no longer  defined.   The  permanently  defined  substitutions
      ($$DATE...) and defined commands are also no longer defined.  
3 REQUIRE 

 .REQUIRE 'filename' 
 .REQ 'filename' 

      takes  the  input text from the specified file.  The .REQUIRE com-
      mand may be imbedded in files which have been required.   The  re-
      quired  files  may be nested until 5 input files are open at once.
      An attempt to require a sixth level of input will cause an  error.
      The default filetype is .RNO.  The filename may be enclosed in ei-
      ther single (') or double (") quotes.  If any commands follow this
      command on the same line, they will be ignored.  
4 EXAMPLE1 

      This command makes it easy for you to break up your text into rea-
      sonable chunks.  For example you may wish to put each section in a
      separate file and then have a master file which requires each sec-
      tion in order.  If you need to rearrange the order of the sections
      you  only  need  to  change  the .REQUIRE statements in the master
      file.  You also should put the overall formatting commands such as
      .PAGE  SIZE, .DISPLAY, .HEADER ...  into a separate file which may
      be required at the beginning of each section.  

      You may also wish to build up files of commonly used substitutions
      and escape sequences.  These can then be easily  required  at  the
      beginning of any file that needs them.  
4 EXAMPLE2 

      Another example is generation of a series of letters with the same
      body but different inside addresses and  salutations.   You  would
      make  a  master  file  containing the inside addresses and saluta-
      tions.  After each salutation you might put:  
           .REQUIRE "LETTER" 
      You  would  then  create a file LETTER.RNO with the actual text of
      the letter.  By running the master file through ROF you would  get
      a  string  of  personalized  letters.  Later on you may change the
      contents of LETTER.RNO to get another set of personalized  letters
      for mass mailings.  
3 COMMENT 

 .COMMENT text 
 ;  text 

      causes  the  line  to  be ignored.  The text is not printed in the
      output .  Comments may contain useful information which  you  need
      when  re-editing  the  file.  For example you may wish to add com-
      ments to a string of .DEFINE ESCAPE and .DEFINE SUBSTITUTE to rem-
      ind you what each escape sequence and substitution does.  
3 INDEX 

 .INDEX [text] 
 .X [text] 

      takes  the  remaining  text  on the line as a keyword and adds it,
      along with the current page number, to the internal index  buffer.
      The  command  does  not  cause a break.  If in FILL mode the index
      command must appear immediately after the item to be indexed.   If
      you  are in NO FILL mode the index command must appear immediately
      after the line containing the index item.  If the line  is  broken
      because it is too long the index page number may be incorrect.  If
      you declare a .TEXT section then the .INDEX command should  be  at
      the end of the section before the next .TEXT or .END TEXT.  Under-
      lining, overstriking, and escape sequences are not  recognized  in
      index  keywords.  These special features can not be recognized be-
      cause there is no rational way to alphabetize keywords if they are
      used.   A  given keyword may be indexed more than once.  If a key-
      word is indexed more than one time on a page the extra  times  are
      ignored.  

      SEE also the commands .ENABLE INDEXING and .DISABLE INDEXING.  
4 SUBINDEX 

                                   SUBINDEX

      If the command .FLAGS SUBINDEX is issued, then you may also subin-
      dex terms.  Each subindex item is marked by a subindex flag.  Each
      item will appear indented by 2 extra spaces more than the previous
      item when a .PRINT INDEX command or .DO INDEX is issued.  For  ex-
      ample the following text:  
           .FLAGS SUBINDEX
           .INDEX flags>substitute
           .INDEX flags>index
           .PRINT INDEX
      produces the following:
           flags
             index      1
             substitute 1
4 AUTOINDEX 

                                   AUTOINDEX

      Index  terms may also be generated automatically without using the
      .INDEX command if the .FLAGS INDEX command has been  issued.   Any
      term  preceeded  by  an  index flag will be automatically indexed.
      For further information see:  FLAGS INDEX.  
3 DO_INDEX 

 .DO INDEX [text] 
 .DX [text] 

      First  the permanent margins, and line spacing are restored.  Then
      this command starts a new page, centers the text, if given, other-
      wise  it  centers  the word "INDEX".  This command then prints the
      entire contents of the index buffer.  Entries are printed  in  al-
      phabetic  order and are set against the left margin.  Regular line
      spacing is used, except that a new paragraph is formed between en-
      tries with different first letter.  The entries of different first
      letter may be separated by non zero paragraph spacing, and  orphan
      lines  at  the end of the page are prevented by the paragraph test
      page value.  The paragraph indentation is  used  to  indent  extra
      page numbers which can not fit on the line with the index entry.  

      If  both FILL and JUSTIFY are enabled the entry is followed by el-
      lipses ( . . . ) and the page numbers are printed right  justified
      with respect to the current right margin.  If FILL is disabled the
      ellipses are omitted.  If JUSTIFY is  disabled  the  page  numbers
      will  start  3  spaces after the index entry, and no justification
      will occurr.  
3 PRINT_INDEX 

 .PRINT INDEX 
 .PX 

      This  prints the entire contents of the index buffer.  The current
      margins, and spacing are not changed, nor is a new  page  started.
      The  format  of the index is the same as for .DO INDEX except that
      parameters are not reset and no header is formed.  
3 SEND_TOC 

 .SEND TOC text 
 .STC text 

      sends  the  "text" to the .RNT file.  The text may be used to con-
      trol the TOC output.  The text may actually be a set  of  commands
      for  example .REQUIRE "FORMAT" to insert a set of commands to con-
      trol the format of the TOC.  If the same command  appears  in  the
      text then you can make sure the TOC and documentation all have the
      same format.  
3 TOC 

 .TOC 

      You  do not normally use this command.  It is automatically placed
      at the head of a .RNT file.  It enables formatting for  the  table
      of contents.  It does the following:  
           1.  New pages for each chapter are inhibited.  
           2.  All tab stops are cleared.  
           3.  .NO NUMBER CHAPTER 
           4.  .STYLE CHAPTER 1,-1,-1,0,2 
           5.  .STYLE HEADERS ,,,,,0,0 
           6.  .INDENT LEVELS 8,8 

3 END_TOC 


 .END TOC 

      You  would not normally use this command unless you wish to append
      more text to the .RNT file  for  processing  with  the  same  page
      numbering  as  the table of contents.  This command is the comple-
      ment to .TOC.  It ends the table of  contents  and  allows  normal
      text processing.  It does the following:  
           1.  New pages are allowed at the start of each chapter.  
           2.  Tab stops are NOT changed.  
                             ___
           3.  .NUMBER CHAPTER 
           4.  .STYLE CHAPTER 12,1,3,-1,-1 
           5.  .STYLE HEADERS ,,,,,2,1 
           6.  .INDENT LEVELS 0,0 


3 IF 
 .IF aaa 

      This statement causes the text following it to be ignored until an
      .ENDIF aaa statement is encountered.  The aaa  is  a  label  which
      controls  the  action  of the .IF.  If aaa has been previously de-
      fined in a .VARIANT statement then the text is  not  skipped.   If
      not defined the text is skipped.  
3 IFNOT 

 .IF NOT aaa 

      This  statement  causes the text following it to be ignored if aaa
      is undefined.  In other words if a .VARIANT statement preceeds the
      .IF NOT with the label aaa then the text is skipped.  
3 ENDIF 

 .ENDIF aaa 

      This  statement  terminates the range of the .IF or .IF NOT state-
      ments.  The label aaa must be the same as the previous  .IF  which
      is terminated.  
3 VARIANT 

 .VARIANT aaa 

      This  statement  defines  a label aaa which is used to control the
      action of subsequent .IF commands.  aaa may be up to 10 characters
      in either upper or lower case.  The case is ignored and ABC or abc
      are equivalent labels.  If the label is  defined  in  the  VARIANT
      statement  then  .IF aaa will cause text to be printed and .IF NOT
      aaa will suppress text.  
           For example:  
                .VARIANT NOTES
                .IF notes
                This line is printed
                .ENDIF notes
                .IF NOT notes
                This line is not printed
                .ENDIF notes
2 EQUATIONS 
 An  equation  formatting routine has been added to RUNOFF.  This is de-
 signed to format multiple nested fractions.  To use this  facility  the
 equation  flag  must  be enabled via the .FLAGS EQUATION command.  Sub-
 scripts or superscripts are normally taken care of in formatting  frac-
 tions,  but  you  may  wish to add extra space between the line and the
 numerator or denominator.  To do this give the command .ENABLE EQUATION
 1  to  add  1/2  line  or .ENABLE EQUATION 2 to add 1 whole line.  With
 these preliminary commands out of the way the braces { } are now  flags
 which  are used in formatting equations.  They must be preceeded by the
 underscore _ if they are to appear in the text.  

 Fractions  are formatted in the following manner.  You express the fac-
 tion as:  
           {NUMERATOR}/{DENOMINATOR} 
 and ROF will output:  
            NUMERATOR
           ___________
           DENOMINATOR

3 features 

 Inside an equation the following features are disabled:  
      1.  Underline flags 
      2.  Break flags 
      3.  Hyphenation flags 
      4.  Autohyphenation 
      5.  Autobreak 
      6.  Tabs 
3 Nesting 

 Fractions may be nested inside each other.  
      For example {{A}/{B} + {C}/{D}}/{DENOMINATOR}.  
      A/B and C/D are both nested to the second level.  
 The  maximum nesting is about 6 deep.  If the nesting is all in numera-
 tors then it is limited to 12, all in denominators is limited to 6.  

      Example of 4 levels of nesting in numerators:  
      {1+{2+{3+{4}/{D}}/{C}}/{B}}/{A} 
      Example of 6 levels of nesting in denominators:  

      {1}/{A+ {2}/{B+{3}/{C+{4}/{D+{5}/{E+{6}/{F}}}}}} 
3 Spacing 

 Spaces  or  tabs may be freely used between numerators and denominators
 outside of the braces for clarity.  They will not appear in  the  final
 output.  For example {A}/{B} will format the same as {A} / {B}.  In ad-
 dition tabs and spaces are all treated as non expandable spaces.  As  a
 result fractions are never expanded to right justify the text.  If FILL
 is enabled extra spaces will be removed and text will be added to  fill
 each  output line, but only spaces outside of the fractions will be ex-
 panded to justify the text.  
3 Hints 

 Fractions may occasionally occupy too much space to fit within the cur-
 rent line spacing.  If this happens you should use the command  .SEPAR-
 ATED  FRACTION.   This  mode  automatically  generates  enough space to
 separate fractions.  If you prefer to manually adjust the spacing  then
 the .FIGURE command should be used.  

 You may wish to put equation numbers along the right margin next to the
 equation.  This is accomplished by resetting the tab stops, and setting
 tab right.  A single tab should preceed the number to be justified.  
 The following example shows the commands necessary to do this:  
      .TAB STOPS .TAB RIGHT 
      {A + B}/{C + D}              eq.#5 
                             Is printed as:
      A + B 
      _____                                                        eq. 5 
      C + D 

3 WARNING 


                                 WARNING

      A  Fraction  may  not  be split between 2 output lines.  If a
      fraction imbedded in text is so big that it can  not  fit  on
      the  current line, it is moved down to the next line.  If the

      fraction is still too big then ROF will try to break it.  The
      break will most probably result in the error message:  
                 RNO -- Missing right brace in equation
      A  string  of  other  error messages will probably follow the
      first one.  The extra error messages should be ignored.   The
      solution  to  the  problem is to break the fraction up into 2
      fractions.  A Fraction should not be split between more  than
      1  input  line to prevent ROF from breaking it.  If the frac-
      tion exceeds the input line capacity of ROF you can split  it
      if you are careful.  


3 Commands 

 The commands used to control equation formatting are:  
      1.  .FLAGS EQUATION 
      2.  .NO FLAGS EQUATION 
      3.  .ENABLE EQUATION n 
      4.  .DISABLE EQUATION 
      5.  .SEPARATED EQUATION 
      6.  .END SEPARATED EQUATION 



                                  NOTE

      This  equation routine will only work properly with word pro-
      cessing style hard copy  printers  which  support  sub/super-
      script   escape   sequences  and  backspacing.   In  addition
      sub/superscripting escape sequences must be  defined  by  the
      .DEFINE  SUBSCRIPT  and  .DEFINE SUPERSCRIPT commands if they
      are not the same as used by DIABLO printers.  In addition the
      printer  the  paper must not slip when superscripting is per-
      formed.  Some printers with cut sheet feeders allow the paper
      to slip which produces unacceptable output.  


2 FILL 

                                  FILL

      1.  When  .FILL  is  enabled, multiple or reduncant spaces are re-
          moved.  This includes the following:  
          1.  Spaces following spaces.  
          2.  Spaces following non expandable spaces " " 
          3.  Spaces following "tabs" 
          4.  Spaces at the beginning of a line.  
      2.  When  .FILL  is  enabled  the end of a line is treated exactly
          like a space.  
      3.  If  both  .FILL and .PERIOD are enabled a punctuation followed
          by a space is converted to "punctuation",  "space",  "non  ex-
          pandable space".  
      4.  If  .NO  FILL is used, the end of a line is treated as a break
          ("|").  
      5.  Regardless  of whether .FILL or .NO FILL is used, if the input
          line is longer than the available page size, and  it  contains
          no  "normal" spaces, it will be truncated to fit the available
          space.  The only exception to this is when the line contains a
          "break"  character  ("|").   Then  the  line is divided at the
          break character to make it fit.  

2 JUSTIFY 

                                 JUSTIFY

      1.  If  .JUSTIFY  is enabled then all "normal" spaces are expanded
          or padded to right justify the final output.  
      2.  If  a  break  occurrs between lines, then the previous line is
          NOT justified.  
          ___
      3.  If  an  input line is shorter than the output line size and it
          contains no "normal" spaces, the line can  not  be  justified.
          This is indicated by an error message:  
                               "Can't justify line"
      4.  If .NO JUSTIFY is used then the output will not be padded with
          extra spaces , but if .FILL is enabled it will be missing  re-
          dundant spaces.  

2 special_characters 
 Below is a list of RUNOFF's special characters.  To appear in the text,
 each must be preceeded by the underscore character  (itself  a  special
 character).  


     ^ UPPERCASE shift or LOCK function
     \ LOWERCASE shift or UNLOCK function
     < CAPITALIZE word flag character *
     # SPACE character (non expandable or quoted space)
     = HYPHENATE specify or temporary autohyphenate disable. *
     & UNDERLINE the following character or ^&
     _ ACCEPT the following character.
     % OVERSTRIKE the previous char by the next char *
     $ SUBSTITUTE defined text for abbreviation *
     > INDEX/SUBINDEX flags *
     | BREAK text with no spaces *
     { EQUATION flag  1 *
     } EQUATION flag  2 *
         * Only becomes a special character if the FLAG is engaged.
2 LIST_OF_COMMANDS
 * Indicates the command causes a line BREAK.
 $ Indicates a command forbidden during a FOOTNOTE.
 D Indicates the default setting
 ~ Indicates not available in DSR

 Command                                     Abbreviation   Opt.
 _______                                     ____________   ____

 APPENDIX [title]  . . . . . . . . . . . . . AX  . . . . .  *$
 AUTOBREAK ["chars"] . . . . . . . . . . . . AB  . . . . .   $ ~
 AUTOHYPHENATE [n] . . . . . . . . . . . . . AH  . . . . .   $D~
 AUTOPARAGRAPH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AP  . . . . .   $
 AUTOSUBTITLE  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AST . . . . .   $
 AUTOTITLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AT  . . . . .   $D~

 BEGIN BAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BB  . . . . .  
 BLANK [-space]  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B . . . . . .  *
 BREAK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BR  . . . . .  *

 CENTER [LINE][+-n]  . . . . . . . . . . . . C [LINE]  . .  *
 CENTER TEXT [+-n] . . . . . . . . . . . . . C TEXT  . . .  *  ~
 CENTRE [+-n]  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C . . . . . .  *
 CHAPTER [title] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CH  . . . . .  *$
 CHAPTER LAYOUT [code][,spacing] . . . . . . CHLO  . . . .   $ ~
 COMMENT [comment text]  . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . .  

 DEFINE COMMAND /LABEL/text  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   $ ~
 DEFINE ESCAPE escape definition . . . . . . . . . . . . .   $ ~
 DEFINE SUBSTITUTE /label/text . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   $ ~
 DEFINE SUBSCRIPT escape def . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .     ~
 DEFINE SUPERSCRIPT escape def . . . . . . . . . . . . . .      ~
 DEFINE VARIABLE SPACE escape def  . . . . .     ~
 DISABLE BAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DBB . . . . .    D
 DISABLE ESCAPE  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DES . . . . .     ~
 DISABLE EQUATION  . . . . . . . . . . . . . DEQ . . . . .     ~
 DISABLE HYPHENATION . . . . . . . . . . . . DHY . . . . .  
 DISABLE INDEXING  . . . . . . . . . . . . . DIX . . . . .  
 DISABLE SUBSTITUTION  . . . . . . . . . . . DSST  . . . .  
 DISABLE TABS  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DTB . . . . .     ~
 DISABLE TOC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DTC . . . . .  
 DISABLE OVERSTRIKING  . . . . . . . . . . . DOV . . . . .  
 DISABLE UNDERLINING . . . . . . . . . . . . DUN . . . . .  
 DISPLAY APPENDIX ["pre",][form][,"post"]  . DAX . . . . .   $
 DISPLAY CHAPTER ["pre",][form][,"post"] . . DCH . . . . .   $
 DISPLAY ELEMENTS ["pre",][form][,"post"]  . DLE . . . . .   $
 DISPLAY LEVELS [f1],[f2],...  . . . . . . . DHL . . . . .   $
 DISPLAY NUMBER ["pre",][form][,"post"]  . . DNM . . . . .   $
 DISPLAY SUBPAGE [form]  . . . . . . . . . . DSP . . . . .   $
      (form = D,LU,LL,LM,RU,RL,RM)
 DO INDEX [title]  . . . . . . . . . . . . . DX  . . . . .  *$

 ELLIPSES  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ELL . . . . .   $ ~
 ENABLE BAR  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EBB . . . . .    D
 ENABLE ESCAPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ESC . . . . .    D~
 ENABLE EQUATION n . . . . . . . . . . . . . EEQ . . . . .    D~
 ENABLE HYPHENATION  . . . . . . . . . . . . EHY . . . . .    D
 ENABLE INDEXING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EIX . . . . .    D
 ENABLE LEVELS [+-out],[+-toc] . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   $ ~
 ENABLE TABS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ETB . . . . .    D~
 ENABLE TOC  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ETC . . . . .    D
 ENABLE OVERSTRIKING . . . . . . . . . . . . EOV . . . . .    D
 ENABLE SUBSTITUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . ESST  . . . .    D
 ENABLE UNDERLINING  . . . . . . . . . . . . EUN . . . . .    D
 END BAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EB  . . . . .  
 END CENTER  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ECN . . . . .     ~
 END FOOTNOTE  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EFN . . . . .  
 ENDIF aaaa  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  
 END LIST [space]  . . . . . . . . . . . . . ELS . . . . .  *$
 END LITERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EL  . . . . .  *$
 END NOTE  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EN  . . . . .  *$
 END SEPARATED EQUATION  . . . . . . . . . . ESEQ  . . . .    D~
 END SUBPAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ES  . . . . .  *$
 END TEXT  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ETX . . . . .  *$ ~

 FIGURE [space]  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FG  . . . . .  *$
 FIGURE DEFERRED [space] . . . . . . . . . . FGD . . . . .  *$
 FILL  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F . . . . . .    D
 FIRST TITLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FT  . . . . .   $
 FLAGS ACCEPT [new flag] . . . . . . . . . . FL ACCEPT . .   $D
 FLAGS [ALL] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FL [ALL]  . .   $
 FLAGS BREAK [new flag]  . . . . . . . . . . FL BREAK  . .   $
 FLAGS CAPITALIZE [new flag] . . . . . . . . FL CAPITALIZE   $
 FLAGS CONTROL [new flag]  . . . . . . . . . FL CONTROL  .   $D
 FLAGS ESCAPE [new flag] . . . . . . . . . . FL ESCAPE . .   $ ~
 FLAGS EQUATION  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FL EQUATION .     ~
 FLAGS HYPHENATE [new flag]  . . . . . . . . FL HYPHENATE    $
 FLAGS INDEX [new flag]  . . . . . . . . . . FL INDEX  . .   $
 FLAGS LOWERCASE [new flag]  . . . . . . . . FL LOWERCASE    $D
 FLAGS OVERSTRIKE [new flag] . . . . . . . . FL OVERSTRIKE   $
 FLAGS SUBINDEX [new flag] . . . . . . . . . FL SUBINDEX .   $
 FLAGS SUBSTITUTE [new flag] . . . . . . . . FL SUBSTITUTE   $
 FLAGS UNDERLINE [new flag]  . . . . . . . . FL UNDERLINE    $D
 FLAGS UPPERCASE [new flag]  . . . . . . . . FL UPPERCASE    $D
 FOOTNOTE  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FN  . . . . .   $

 HALF SPACING [n]  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .     ~
 HEADER  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HD  . . . . .   $D
 HEADER LEVEL [+-level] [title]  . . . . . . HL  . . . . .  *$
 HEADER LOWER  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   $
 HEADER MIXED  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   $D
 HEADER NO PAGE  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   $ ~
 HEADER PAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   $D~

 HEADER SPACING [spacing]  . . . . . . . . . HDSP  . . . .     ~
 HEADER UPPER  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   $

 IF aaaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  
 IF NOT aaaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  
 IMMEDIATE TEST PAGE n . . . . . . . . . . . ITP . . . . .   $ ~
 IMMEDIATE TEST TEXT n . . . . . . . . . . . ITT . . . . .   $ ~
 INDENT [-n] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I . . . . . .  *
 INDENT LEVELS [-l],[-r] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   $ ~
 INDEX entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X . . . . . .  

 JUSTIFY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J . . . . . .    D

 KEEP  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K . . . . . .  

 LAYOUT [code] [,spacing]  . . . . . . . . . LO  . . . . .  *$
      (0=all at top 1-7=Header top,number bottom)
      (0=default 1=C 2=LR,C 3=L,C 4=L,R 5=C,R 6=C,LR 7=RL)
 LEFT MARGIN [+-n] . . . . . . . . . . . . . LM  . . . . .  *
 LIST [n] ["char"] . . . . . . . . . . . . . LS  . . . . .  *$
 LIST ELEMENT text . . . . . . . . . . . . . LE  . . . . .  *$
 LITERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LT  . . . . .  *
 LOCK  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   $ ~
 LOWER CASE  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LC  . . . . .  

 NO AUTOBREAK ["chars"]  . . . . . . . . . . NAB . . . . .   $D~
 NO AUTOHYPHENATE  . . . . . . . . . . . . . NAH . . . . .   $
 NO AUTOPARAGRAPH  . . . . . . . . . . . . . NAP . . . . .   $D
 NO AUTOSUBTITLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NAST  . . . .   $D
 NO AUTOTITLE  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NAT . . . . .   $ ~
 NO ELLIPSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NELL  . . . .   $D~
 NO FILL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NF  . . . . .  *
 NO FLAGS [flag name]  . . . . . . . . . . . NFL . . . . .   $
 NO HALF SPACING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    D~
 NO JUSTIFY  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NJ  . . . . .  
 NO KEEP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NK  . . . . .    D
 NO PAGING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NPA . . . . .   $
 NO NUMBER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NNM . . . . .   $
 NO NUMBER CHAPTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   $ ~
 NO SPACE  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NSP . . . . .  
 NO TITLE  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   $ ~
 NO UNDERLINE "characters" . . . . . . . . . NUN . . . . .     ~
 NOTE  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N . . . . . .  *$
 NUMBER APPENDIX [+-n] . . . . . . . . . . . NMAX  . . . .   $
 NUMBER CHAPTER [+-n]  . . . . . . . . . . . NMCH  . . . .   $D
 NUMBER LEVEL [+-n1],....,[+-n6] . . . . . . NMLV  . . . .   $
 NUMBER LIST [+-n] . . . . . . . . . . . . . NPLS  . . . .   $
 NUMBER [PAGE] [+-n] . . . . . . . . . . . . NMPG  . . . .   $D
 NUMBER SUBPAGE [+-n]  . . . . . . . . . . . NMSPG . . . .   $

 PAGE  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PG  . . . . .  *$
 PAGE SIZE [+-h],[+-w],[+-l],[+-t],[s] . . . PS  . . . . .   $
 PAPER SIZE [+-h],[+-w],[+-l],[+-t],[s]  . . PS  . . . . .   $
 PAGING  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PA  . . . . .   $
 PARAGRAPH [-n],[v],[t]  . . . . . . . . . . P . . . . . .  *$
 PERIOD  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PR  . . . . .   $D
 PERMANENT FOOTNOTE  . . . . . . . . . . . . PFN . . . . .   $ ~
 PRINT INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PX  . . . . .  *$

 RESET ESCAPE  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   $ ~
 RESET SUBSTITUTE  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   $ ~
 REQUIRE 'file spec' . . . . . . . . . . . . REQ . . . . .   $
 RIGHT [+-indent]  . . . . . . . . . . . . . R . . . . . .   $
 RIGHT MARGIN [+-n]  . . . . . . . . . . . . RM  . . . . .  *

 SEND TOC text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . STC . . . . .  
 SEPARATED EQUATION  . . . . . . . . . . . . SEQ . . . . .     ~
 SET PARAGRAPH [-n],[v],[t]  . . . . . . . . STP . . . . .   $
 SKIP [lines]  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S . . . . . .  *
 SPACING [s] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SP  . . . . .   $
 STYLE CHAPTER [n1],...,[n5] . . . . . . . . STCH  . . . .   $ ~
      (1-3 = spacing, 4,5=indent (-1 centered,-2 right just)
 STYLE HEADERS [n1],...,[n9] . . . . . . . . STHL  . . . .  *$
      (line,CAPS,Cap,number,center,skip before,after,test,indent)
 SUBPAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SPG . . . . .  *$
 SUBTITLE [subtitle] . . . . . . . . . . . . ST  . . . . .   $

 TAB LEFT  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TL  . . . . .   $D~
 TAB RIGHT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TR  . . . . .   $ ~
 TAB STOPS [+-n1,n2...]  . . . . . . . . . . TS  . . . . .   $
 TEST PAGE n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TP  . . . . .  *$
 TEST TEXT n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TT  . . . . .  *$ ~
 TEXT  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TX  . . . . .  *$ ~
 TITLE [title] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T . . . . . .   $D
 TOP MARGIN [+-n]  . . . . . . . . . . . . . TM  . . . . .  *$ ~

 UNDERLINE "characters"  . . . . . . . . . . UN  . . . . .     ~
 UNDERLINE SPACES  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .     ~
 UNDERLINE NO SPACES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    D~
 UPPER CASE  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . UC  . . . . .    D

 VARIABLE SPACING  . . . . . . . . . . . . . VARSP . . . .  *  ~
 VARIANT aaaa  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .     ~
2 errors
 RUNOFF produces error messages in the following format: 

                 RNO -- error message 

 This  appendix  tabulates  the error messages produced by RNO.  Most of
 the error messages are self-explanatory.  In some cases, ROF prints the
 line  in which the error has occurred, so that the user can examine the
 source line which caused the problem and correct  it.   If  the  source
 line  is  printed it is printed only up to the point at which the error
 occurred.  The error is generally the last character, or  word  in  the
 source.   Following the source line is the line number and file name in
 which that source line appears.  If the error occurred in  a  substitu-
 tion,  the  substitution  is printed up to the point at which the error
 occurred.  
3 Bad 

 1.  RNO -- Bad parameters 

 This  message  is given if any of the parameters which follow a command
 are not "correct".  The command is listed up to the bad parameter.   An
 example  of  a  bad parameter would be .INDENT 25 when you only have 20
 characters per line.  Remember that the minimum  number  of  characters
 per  line  is  16 and the minimum number of lines/page is also 16.  The
 following is a partial list of commands which generate this error.  
 1.  .DEFINE ESCAPE accepts only decimal or literal input, and any other
     input constitutes an error.  
 2.  .DEFINE  SUBSTITUTE  must have a label surrounded by delimiters and
     this error will occurr if the delimiters are not present.  
 3.  .DISPLAY either the format is not one of the following:  
          D, LU, LL, LM, RU, RL, or RM.  
     or The pre-header is more than 10 characters 
     or The post-header is more than 4 characters 
     or  The  post-header is specified, but no format is specified.  You
     may however specify a pre-header with no format or post-header.  
 4.  Commands  which take literals as input will generally give this er-
     ror if the apostrophe (') or quotes (") are missing.  
 5.  Most  commands  check  input numbers and if they are too big or too
     small this error will result.  For example .HEADER LEVEL 7 is  non-
     sensical and is flagged as an error.  
3 Can 

 2.  RNO -- Can't indent list element 

 The  user  has  nested lists that cause ROF to attempt indenting beyond
 the right margin.  

 3.  RNO -- Can't justify line:  

 ROF  found  a  line  of  text  containing  no spaces (other than quoted
 spaces), so the line could not be justified.  

 4.  RNO -- Can't reduce margins 

 A .NOTE command occurred after the margins were set to values that pre-
 vent the .NOTE command from reducing margins by 5.  The  margins  can't
 be reduced to less than 16 characters/line.  
3 Character 

 5.  RNO -- Character already defined as flag 

 In  attempting  to  enable a character as a flag you have used the same
 same character as a previous .FLAGS command.  The  same  character  may
 not  be used as 2 different flags.  You must decide which flag you want
 and either disable the previous flag via a .NO FLAGS command, or use  a
 different character for the second flag.  

 6.  RNO -- Character specified is not special flag 

 You  have attempted to disable an individual special flag, but the flag
 character you specified was not previously defined as a special flag in
 a .FLAGS SPECIAL command.  
3 Command 

 7.  RNO -- Command string syntax error 

 You  have entered a command string in a format that ROF can't decipher.
 The general form of the ROF command string is:  
      Documentfile,Tocfile=Inputfile/Switches 
 The  switches  or  Tocfile  may be omitted, but the other items must be
 specified.  See the section ROF COMMAND STRING.  
3 Extraneous 

 8.  RNO -- Extraneous chars after legal command 

 One  or more extraneous characters appear after a legal command and be-
 fore the next command.  These are either typographical  errors  or  you
 used the command improperly.  The command is executed in either case.  
3 Illegal 

 9.  RNO -- Illegal command 

 This  message  encompasses a large range of errors.  The following is a
 partial listing of the commands which can be illegal.  
 1.  .END FOOTNOTE if no .FOOTNOTE command preceeds it.  
 2.  .END  LIST  if  no  .LIST  command preceeds it or if the spacing is
     greater than 5 or less than 0.  
 3.  .END LITERAL if no .LITERAL command preceeds it.  
 4.  .END NOTE if no .NOTE command preceeds it.  

 10.  RNO -- Illegal command after .LOCK command 

 You  used .LOCK at the head of the document and subsequent illegal com-
 mands were encountered.  You can probably ignore the error  message  if
 your  document is satisfactory.  The inclusion of the .LOCK command was
 designed to exclude the statements which are now illegal.  


 11.  RNO -- Illegal command after a .TEXT command 

 You probably forgot to end the text section with an .END TEXT command. 

 12.  RNO -- Illegal command during footnote 

 You probably forgot to include an .END FOOTNOTE statement at the end of
 your footnote.  You should be aware that statements  which  change  the
 overall page format are forbidden during footnotes.  

 13.  RNO -- Illegal command during note 

 You probably forgot to end your note with an .END NOTE command.  

 14.  RNO -- Illegal flag character 

 Only special characters may be used as flags.  This includes:  
      ^ !  " # $ % & ' ( ) * = [ ] { } ~ + ` | < > ?  _ \ / , .  
 No numbers or letters may be used as flag characters.  
3 Input 

 15.  RNO -- Input file error 

 A  read error has occurred on an input file.  One of the following con-
 ditions may exist:  
 1.  The  file  contains  a  line of text with more than 512 characters.
     You should edit the file and shorten all such long  lines  to  less
     than 512 characters.  
 2.  A problem exists with a physical device (e.g.  device cycled down).
 3.  The file is corrupted or the format is wrong.  
 4.  The file is a nonsource file.  (Object file, etc.) 

 16.  RNO -- Input file open error 

 The  file  system, while attempting to open an input file, has detected
 an error.  One of the following conditions may exist.  
 1.  The user directory file is protected against an open.  
 2.  A problem exists with the physical device.  
 3.  The volume is not mounted.  
 4.  The specified file directory does not exist.  
 5.  The file does not exist as specified.  

 17.  RNO -- Input file specification error 

 An  error exists in the input file specification.  Correct the specifi-
 cation and re-enter the command.  
3 Insufficient 

 18.  RNO -- Insufficient dynamic memory 

 One of the following commands filled up the dynamic memory.  
 1.  .FOOTNOTE 
 2.  .TEXT 
 3.  .DEFINE ESCAPE - permanent 
 4.  .DEFINE SUBSTITUTE - permanent 
 5.  .INDEX - permanent 
 All  index  entries, escape sequences, and substitutions reduce dynamic
 memory permenantly until the end of the current  document  while  foot-
 notes  and .TEXT only use it temporarily.  If you define many substitu-
 tions or use .INDEX frequently you must cut down on  these  statements.
 If  it occurred during a footnote or .TEXT you can reduce the amount of
 text before the .END statement.  Instead of .TEXT  and  .END  TEXT  use
 .TEST  PAGE or .TEST TEXT.  If you are currently using the non overlaid
 version of ROF switch to the overlaid version.  

 19.  RNO -- Internal error - Contact your system manager 

 This  message is caused by an internal program error.  You should never
 get this message.  If you get this message contact the system  manager.
 This  indicates  that  ROF is not working properly and should be fixed.
 It is also possible that you have a hardware malfunction  if  the  same
 version  of ROF used to work on the same identical text.  Identical me-
 ans no changes at all!!  
3 Maximum 

 20.  RNO -- Maximum list level exceeded 

 You have attempted to create more than 6 nested lists.  That is you is-
 sued the command .LIST more than 6 times without any .END  LIST  state-
 ments.  The 7'th and subsequent .LIST statements are ignored.  

 21.  RNO -- Maximum subindex levels exceeded 

 You  have tried to subindex more than 6 times, and the index terms have
 been ignored.  You may only use the subindex flag 6 times inside a .IN-
 DEX command.  
3 Missing 

 22.  RNO -- Missing parameter 

 This  command  requires  a  parameter.  Look up the command and add the
 parameter to the command.  

 23.  RNO -- Missing right braces (}) in equation 

 One of the following errors have been made:] 
 1.  You forgot to close a fraction with a right brace }.  The number of
     right braces must be the same as the number of left braces  in  all
     fractions.  
 2.  The  fraction  was too wide to fit on the current line and it over-
     flowed to the next one.  Normally this mistake  will  result  in  a
     whole  string  of  error messages following the Missing right brace
     message.  
3 Output 

 24.  RNO -- Output file error 

 A  write  error  has occurred on the output file.  One of the following
 conditions exists:  
 1.  The device is full or is write protected.  The hardware has failed.
 2.  The user does not have write access privileges to the file.  

 25.  RNO -- Output file open failure 

 The file system, while attempting to open the output file, has detected
 an error.  One of the following conditions may exist:  
 1.  The user's directory file is protected against an open.  
 2.  A problem exists with the physical device.  
 3.  The volume is not mounted.  
 4.  The specified file directory does not exist.  
 5.  The device is full of write protected.  

 26.  RNO -- Output file specification error 

 An error exists in the output file specification.  Correct the specifi-
 cation and re-enter the command.  
3 Permanent 

 27.  RNO -- Permanent footnote error 

 You  specified  a  permanent footnote, while a footnote was pending for
 the current output page.   You  must  specify  the  permanent  footnote
 first.  
3 Symbol 

 28.  RNO -- Symbol already defined 

 This is one of the following errors.  
 1.  .DEFINE  ESCAPE  - The escape sequence you are attempting to define
     is already defined.  Either change the sequence name, or .RESET ES-
     CAPE.  
 2.  .DEFINE  SUBSTITUTE - The substitution name or abbreviation has al-
     ready been defined.  You must change the name or .RESET SUBSTITUTE. 
3 Syntax 

 29.  RNO -- Syntax error in equation 

 You have incorrectly formatted a fraction.  Fractions are formatted as: 
      {Numerator}/{Denominator} 
 You have made one of the following mistakes.  
 1.  There are extraneous characters between the numerator and denomina-
     tor.  For example the following is an error }/Denominator 
 2.  You  have  started  a numerator or denominator with a right brace }
     when you should use a left brace {.  
 3.  You have omitted the slash / between the numerator and denominator.
     The following expression is an example of this error:  
          {Numerator}{Denominator} 
 Many  times this error will be followed by other error messages.  These
 extra messages may probably be ignored.   Usually  syntax  errors  will
 also cause the Missin right braces message.  
3 Too 

 30.  RNO -- Too many nested fractions 

 The  equation flag has been engaged, and an attempt to format fractions
 has been made using the braces {  }.   Too  many  fractions  have  been
 nested  on  top of one another.  For example if you input the following
 expression:  
      {{A}/{B}}/{Denominator} 
 You have nested fractions up to a depth of 2.  When the nesting exceeds
 a depth of 6 the equation formatting may  fail.   See  the  section  on
 EQUATION FORMATTING.  

 31.  RNO -- Too many nested .REQ 

 More than 5 nested levels of .REQUEST have been found.  This means that
 the original file contained a .REQ for a second file, which contained a
 .REQ  for  a  third file and so on.  When the .REQ for a sixth file was
 issued, it was ignored and this error message was issued.  To fix  this
 error  you must rearrange your files to prevent more than 5 input files
 being in use at one time.  

 32.  RNO -- Too many nested substitutions 

 More  than  3  levels  of substitution have been attempted.  This means
 that the first substitution contained a second, the second contained  a
 third and the third contained a fourth.  The fourth level is ignored.  

 33.  RNO -- Too many tabs specified 

 The  maximum number of tabs stops you may specify is 32.  Any specified
 beyond the thirty-second one are ignored.  
3 Undefined 

 34.  RNO -- Undefined escape seq.  

 You  used  either  an  escape flag or a special flag and the escape se-
 quence corresponding to the flag has not been defined.  You must define
 it via the  .DEFINE ESCAPE command.  


 35.  RNO -- Undefined sustitution 

 The  substitution  flag ($) was followed by an unrecognized label.  Ei-
 ther you made a typographical error in the label or you wished to print
 the  substitute  flag  character  in the text, but forgot to preceed it
 with an Accept flag character(_).  
3 Unrecognized 

 36.  RNO -- Unrecognized command 

 You  probably  misspelled  the  command or abbreviation.  You should be
 aware that any input line is considered to begin with a command if  the
 first character in column 1 is a decimal point.  If you wish to begin a
 line of text with a decimal point insert a space before it  to  prevent
 its being confused with a command.  

