1 TeX
TeX is a system for typesetting mathematics.  You need to do two things in
order to run TeX:
    (1) Put `$ @tex$init' into your login.com file.
    (2) Read `The TeXbook' by Donald E. Knuth (Addison-Wesley, 1984).
TeX at PSC is maintained by Phil Andrews (ANDREWS)
In order to get a printed copy of this entire help package do
    help/output=tex tex...
    print/delete tex.lis
Note that this is a general TeX help file for several sites (including 
CTSS Crays) and not everything here is implemented or available.
-Phil Andrews

2 Introduction
TeX is a comprehensive system for typesetting text and mathematical
expressions.  It can produce output good enough for direct publication.
Indeed, it was written by Knuth at Stanford in order to improve the
appearance of his books `The Art of Computer Programming.'


The output from TeX is a device independent (.dvi) file.  This file must
then be processed by a spooling program to obtain printed output; see
subtopic Printing.
2 Documentation
The documentation consists of:

(1) `The TeXbook' by Donald E. Knuth (Addison-Wesley, 1984, $14.95, 483pp.,
ISBN # 0-201-13448-9).  This is the manual for TeX.  Don't start using TeX
without this.

The errata for the TeXbook are in the files errata.one (for first printing)
and errata.two (for second printing) and errata.tex (for sixth prining).
(All these files are in tex$inputs:.)  Run these files through TeX with `tex
errata.one', `tex errata.two', and `tex errata' to get a readable listing.

(2a) The TeX Bulletin board at PSC

You can get bulletin to tell you when there are new messages with
    $ bulletin
    BULLETIN> select tex
    BULLETIN> set brief
    BULLETIN> exit


[Do not read the book `TeX and METAFONT'!  This documents an archaic version
of TeX which bears little resemblance to the version we have running at
here.]
2 Running_TeX
Suppose your source file is paper.tex.  Then to run TeX just type
    tex paper
TeX will process paper.tex, the error messages go into paper.lis and the
output into the `device independent' file paper.dvi.

In order to print this file, see subtopic Printing
2 Printing
There are two programs that can be used to print TeX .dvi files: GTEX and
TeXspool.  GTEX is a VAX program which produce output on the QMS laser
printers.  TeXspool is a Cray program which produces output on the
Versatecs, fiche, phototypesetting paper, vugraphs, and color slides.
Because of the additional complications of processing your .dvi file on a
Cray, most people at PPL will want to use GTEX.  [In addition there is a VAX
program called DVI2QMS which offers some of the same features as GTEX.
However it is less powerful.  See HELP DVI2QMS for details.]
3 GTEX
See the GTEX help file for information on GTEX.
2 Macros
These normally live on the area tex$inputs: and TeX looks there if it can't
find a file in your area.  In fact tex$inputs: is a search list (see
subtopic `tex_areas').  The first member of the list is tex$lib which you
should define to point to the subdirectory where you keep your own TeX
macros.  If you don't define tex$lib:, it will be defined to be the [.tex]
subdirectory to sys$login.  Thus if your top level directory is ux1:[jones],
then by default you would have
    define/nolog tex$lib ux1:[jones.tex]
tex$lib can also be a search list (if you keep your TeX macros in more than
one place).  Just put (for example)
    define/nolog tex$lib ux1:[jones.tex],ux1:[jones.thesis.tex]
into your login.com file.

You can add to the directories that TeX searches for file names with the
 /input_directory qualifier to TeX.

If TeX can't find a file it prompts you for a new file name.  If you don't
want to read one, reply `nl:', since nl:.tex is an empty file.  (`nl',
`nul', and `null' also work because tex$inputs:nl.tex, etc, are empty
files.)
3 LaTeX
LaTeX is a large document production system built on TeX.  It has its own
help package (type help latex).  For a brief discussion of the relative
merits of TeX and LaTeX type help `latex tex_or_latex'.
3 AmSTeX
This is a macro package developed for the American Mathematical Society.
To get documentation run TeX on tex$inputs:amsman.tex (i.e., type `tex
amsman').  To use it just include `\input amstex' at the top of you TeX
file.
3 Verbatim
This lets you have TeX treat a passage of text verbatim.  Put
    \input verbatim
in your TeX file.  Then \beginlines and \endlines bracket the text to be
treated literally.  Newlines, multiple spaces, etc. remain as such.  E.g.,
    \input verbatim
    A test.
    \beginlines
      This is a test  two  spaces.
      Another; test, of 2: spaces!
    \endlines
    End of test.
    \bye
Only \ stays as a special character.
3 Date
These macros are in tex$inputs:date.tex.  Load with `\input date'.

Dates etc.
If today is Thursday, 11th Nov, 1982, then:
\Year -> 1982, \Month -> 11, \Day -> 11, \Date -> November 11, 1982,
\Dow -> 4 (Dow stands for "day of week", 0 means Sunday),
\Downame -> Thursday, \Monthname -> November,
\Dowabbrev -> Thurs., \Monthabbrev -> Nov., \Dayth -> 11th.
(E.g., Today is \Downame, the \Dayth\ of \Monthname, \Year.)
If the current time is 10:03 am, then \Time -> 10:03 am.

Other date utilities:
\th{number} returns ordinal suffix of number: st, nd, rd, or th.
(Note that this is without the number.  This allows superscripting
of the suffix if desired.  E.g. $\Day^{\rm\th\Day}$.)
\dowcomp{year}{month}{day} does a \setcount\dow to the day of the week
(e.g. \dowcomp{1982}{11}{11} -> \setcount\dow=4).
\monthname{monthnumber} returns name of month.
\monthabbrev{monthnumber} returns abbreviated name of month.
\downame{downumber} returns name of day of week.
\dowabbrev{downumber} returns abbreviated name of day of week.
\timeconv{mins-past-midnight} defines \Time as the time is conventional
format (e.g., \timeconv{10} -> \gdef\Time{12:10\ am}, \timeconv{720} ->
12:00 pm, \timeconv{65} -> 1:05 am, etc.).
3 Mailing_Labels
tex$inputs:labels.tex contains macros for making labels.  It is set up to
make masters for xeroxing onto Nashua Pressure Sensitive Xerographic
Labels XL-600 (8 rows of 3 labels on an 8.5 x 11 sheet, PPL stockroom no
180522).  The same macros are used by the \makelabels command in LaTeX's
letter documentstyle.

Example
    \input labels
    \initlabels
    \maillabel{Dr. H. Abe\\Electronics Dept.\\Kyoto University
           \\Kyoto 606\\Japan}
    \maillabel{Dr. P. L. Andrews\\General Atomic Company
        \\P.O. Box 81608\\San Diego, CA 92138}
    ...
    \bye
The command \\ is used to separate lines in the address.

TeX's macro facility makes it easy to create an address book.  E.g.,
suppose you create a file address.tex containing
    \def\Kyoto{\\Electronics Dept.\\Kyoto University
        \\Kyoto 606\\Japan}
    \def\GAT{\\General Atomic Company\\P.O. Box 81608
        \\San Diego, CA 92138}
    \def\MaxPlanck{\\Max-Planck Institut f\"ur Plasmaphysik
        \\D-8046 Garching bei M\"unchen\\Fed. Rep. of Germany}
Then you can create labels with
    \input labels \input address
    \initlabels
    \maillabel{Dr. H. Abe \Kyoto}
    \maillabel{Dr. P. L. Andrews \GAT}
    \maillabel{Dr. V. S. Chan \\T0-523 \GAT}
    \maillabel{Dr. F. Leuterer \MaxPlanck}
    \maillabel{Dr. K. Borass \\NET Team \MaxPlanck}
    \bye
2 Fonts
The font metric files are in tex$fonts:.  Plain TeX and LaTeX use the
Computer Modern CM series.  Older implementations of TeX used the `almost
computer modern' AM series.  For information on converting to Computer
Modern fonts, look at subtopic Conversion.  You can add to the directories
TeX searches for fonts by using the /font_directory qualifier to TeX.
3 Conversion
We have converted to using the new Computer Modern fonts.  For the most
part they have the same names as the AM fonts with AM replaced by CM.
(Exceptions: ambi10 ==> cmmib10, and there are no equivalents to amssmc10,
and amssmc40.)

You should convert to using these fonts by going through your macros files
and changing the names of the fonts to the corresponding CM name (i.e.,
amr10 ==> cmr10, etc.).  Use the following table for the exceptional cases
    AM font	Equivalent CM font
    ambi10      cmmib10
    amssmc10    cmssdc10
    amssmc40    cmss17 scaled \magstep5
3 CM_fonts
The following 75 fonts are the Computer Modern family
    cmb10                   % Bold Roman
    cmbsy10                 % Bold Math Symbols
    cmbx12 10 9 8 7 6 5     % Bold Extended Roman
    cmbxsl10                % Bold Extended Slanted Roman
    cmbxti10                % Bold Extended Text Italic
    cmcsc10                 % Roman Caps and Small Caps
    cmdunh10                % Dunhill Roman
    cmex10                  % Math Extension
    cmff10                  % Funny Roman
    cmfi10                  % Funny Italic
    cmfib8                  % Roman Fibonacci Font
    cminch                  % Inch-High Sans Serif Bold Caps and Digits
    cmitt10                 % Italic Typewriter Text
    cmmi12 10 9 8 7 6 5     % Math Italic
    cmmib10                 % Math Italic Bold
    cmr17 12 10 9 8 7 6 5   % Roman
    cmsl12 10 9 8           % Slanted Roman
    cmsltt10                % Slanted Typewriter Text
    cmss17 12 10 9 8        % Sans Serif
    cmssbx10                % Sans Serif Bold Extended
    cmssdc10                % Sans Serif Demibold Condensed
    cmssi17 12 10 9 8       % Slanted Sans Serif
    cmssq8                  % Sans Serif Quotation Style
    cmssqi8                 % Sans Serif Quotation Style Slanted
    cmsy10 9 8 7 6 5        % Math Symbols
    cmtcsc10                % Typewriter Caps and Small Caps
    cmtex10 9 8             % TeX extended ASCII characters
    cmti12 10 9 8 7         % Text Italic
    cmtt12 10 9 8           % Typewriter Text
    cmu10                   % Unslanted Italic
    cmvtt10                 % Variable-Width Typewriter Text
3 LaTeX_fonts
For LaTeX there are 11 extra fonts
    lasy10 9 8 7 6 5        % Extra symbols
    lasyb10		    % Bold symbols
    circle10 circlew10      % Circle fonts
    line10 linew10          % Line fonts

In addition SliTeX uses modifications of CM fonts
    lcmss8			% Sans serif
    lcmssb8			% Sans serif bold
    lcmssi8			% Sans serif slanted

and 8 invisible fonts (for color overlays)
    ilcmss8
    ilcmssb8
    ilcmssi8
    icmmi8
    icmsy8
    icmtt8
    icmex10
    ilasy8
3 AMS_fonts
From AMS there are 20 Russian and symbol fonts
    mcyb10 9 8              % bold cyrillic
    mcyr10 9 8 7 6          % cyrillic
    msxm10 9 8 7 6 5        % symbol set 1
    msym10 9 8 7 6 5        % symbol set 2

In order to see these fonts, create this file:
    \input fontchart
    \fonttable mcyb10
    \fonttable mcyr10
    \fonttable msxm10
    \fonttable msym10
    \bye
and run it through TeX.

To see a description of the keying instructions for Cyrillic, do
    tex cyrmemo
(This is includes information on the various ligatures.)  In order to use
cyrillic, include
    \input cyracc.def
    \newfam\cyrfam
    \font\tencyr=mcyr10
    \def\cyr{\fam\cyrfam\tencyr\cyracc}
in your TeX file.  LaTeX users should instead include 'cyrillic' as an
optional argument to \documentstyle.  Then type, e.g., {\cyr Zhurnal}.

The use the symbols, users of Plain TeX should include
    \input mssymb
in their TeX file.  Users of LaTeX should specify amssymbols as an
optional argument to \documentstyle, as in
    \documentstyle[12pt,amssymbols]{article}
A listing of the symbol definitions is given in the Nov 85 issue of
TUGboat.  E.g., \therefore.
3 LaserWriter
The following 37 LaserWriter Plus fonts are available in TeXtures.

    avantgarde b i bi       % AvantGarde
    bookman b i bi          % Bookman
    chancery o              % Zapf Chancery
    courier b i bi          % Courier
    dingbats                % Zapf Dingbats
    helvetica b i bi o      % Helvetica
    helvetican b i bi       % Helvetica Narrow
    palatino b i bi         % Palatino
    schoolbook b i bi       % New Century Schoolbook
    symbol                  % Symbol
    times b i bi            % Times

The design size for these fonts in 10pt.  They can be scaled to any
other size for printing on the LaserWriter (since the LaserWriter can
scale these fonts).  The suffix letters letter mean
    none    Roman or Light
    b       Bold
    i       Italic or Oblique
    bi      Bold Italic or Bold Oblique
    o       Outline
3 Other
There is a font, dummy, which contains no characters.  See p. 401 of the
TeXbook for how to use this for syntax checking.
3 Magnification
You can magnify a font by loading it with, e.g.,
    \font\ff cmbx10 scaled \magstep1
This magnification multiplies the overall document magnification
(specified with \mag or \magnification).  You should ensure that the
product is one of the supported magnifications.  These are
    1000 or \magstep0
    1095 or \magstephalf
    1200 or \magstep1
    1440 or \magstep2
    1728 or \magstep3
    2074 or \magstep4
    2488 or \magstep5
    2986 (= 1000 * 1.2^6)
    3583 (= 1000 * 1.2^7)
    4300 (= 1000 * 1.2^8)
    5160 (= 1000 * 1.2^9)
(See p. 17 of the TeXbook for an explanation of the \magstep scheme.)  All
the computer modern fonts are available in the first 7 magnifications
(\magstep0 thru 5).  The remaining magnifications (1.2^6 thru 1.2^9) are
used by SliTeX (see HELP LaTeX SliTeX).

Thus if you specify an overall magnification with
    \magnification=\magstephalf
then
    \font\aa=cmr10 scaled \magstephalf  % = 1000 * sqrt(1.2)
    \font\bb=cmr10 scaled 1315          % = 1000 * 1.2^1.5
give supported magnifications (1200 and 1440), while
    \font\cc=cmr10 scaled \magstep1
gives an unsupported magnification (1314).

If you use an unsupported magnification then GTEX will substitute the
closest magnification it can find.  TeXspool will print a warning and then
go ahead and scale to the requested size.
3 Font_tables
The file tex$inputs:fontchart.tex contains a macro \fonttable that gives
you a font tables for a particular font.  To use it make a file sample.tex
containing, e.g.,
    \input fontchart
    \fonttable cmex10
    \fonttable cmr10 scaled \magstep1
    \bye
Then say "tex sample", and print the resulting sample.dvi.
3 Obolete_Fonts
The following 53 fonts are the old Almost Computer Modern fonts.  These
are obsolete. DON'T USE THEM.
    amr10 9 8 7 6 5         % roman text
    amsl10 9 8              % slanted roman
    ambx10 9 8 7 6 5        % boldface extended
    ambxsl10                % slanted boldface extended
    ammi10 9 8 7 6 5        % math italic
    ambi10                  % bold math italic
    amti10 9 8 7            % text italic
    amu10                   % unslanted text italic
    amss10 amssq8           % sans serif
    amssi10 amssqi8         % sans serif italic
    amssbx10                % sans serif bold extended
    amex10                  % math extension
    amsy10 9 8 7 6 5        % math symbols
    ambsy10                 % bold math symbols
    amtt10 9 8              % typewriter
    amitt10                 % italic typewriter
    amsltt10                % slanted typewriter
    amcsc10                 % caps and small caps
    aminch                  % inch high (digits and upper case only)
    amdunh10                % Dunhill style
    amtex10                 % fixed width MIT extended ascii (?)
    amb10                   % bold (narrower than bx fonts ?)
    amssmc10 40             % sans serif bold (?)

In addition there are 5 unofficial fonts.  DON'T USE THESE EITHER.
    manfnt                  % random stuff for the TeX manual
    ambc12                  % anonther bold font
    amrc10                  % another roman font
    amnaro                  % a large narrow font
    amrtex10                % like amtex10
2 Color
With the spooler TeXspool, there are two ways of getting color output.
Either you can direct the output to the Dicomed camera for plotting on
full-frame 35 mm color film (the `color' option in TeXspool); or else you
can ask for color separates (the `separate' option in TeXspool).  In order
to get colors you need to know two things:
  (1) How to specify the colors in TeX (subtopic `tex_color') and
  (2) How to tell TeXspool that you want color output (subtopic
  `texspool_color').
3 TeX_color
How to specify the colors in TeX:

Put `\input color' at the top of your TeX file.  Then you say \red to set
the color to red, etc.  The allowed colors are:
    \black  \white  \red  \blue  \green  \yellow  \cyan  \magenta.
With color slides, you normally have a black background so that white is
the normal color.  With separates, black is the normal color.  (In fact,
black and white will both print the same way.)  These commands obey the
normal TeX grouping rules.  The typical usage might be
    \def\greenalpha{{\green\alpha}}
The extra level of {}s causes the color to switch back to what it was
before.  Another example: `I'm feeling a little {\blue blue} today.'
(Constructions like \global\red do not work.  However {\globaldefs=1\red}
can be used.)

The frame size of the 35 mm color slides is 22.4 mm by 32.6 mm.  For color
slides TeXspool divides all of TeX's dimensions by 10, so as far as TeX
goes the size of the page is about 8.8 truein by 12.8 truein.  Both when
preparing color slides (using `color') and when preparing color vugraphs
(using `separate'), you should specify a magnification in order for the
slides to be readable.  Try \magnification=\magstep4 (= 2.074).
3 TeXspool_color
(A) To get 35mm color slides, specify `color' when you run TeXspool.  In
addition, you can select a colored background with `background=blue', for
example.

(B) To get color separates, specify `separate' when you run TeXspool.
This gives you separate black-and-white pages for each color, together
with registration marks.  These can be individually copied onto vugraphs
of different colors (using, for instance, a 3M thermofax copier), and
overlaid to provide a multi-color vugraph.

If you ask TeXspool to print only selected pages, the color at the top of
the pages may be wrong.  This is because, if TeXspool skips a page, it has
no way of knowing about any color setting commands on the skipped page.
In addition, things like the page numbers may come out in an unexpected
color.  If that's a problem, you should modify the \output routine to set
the color around the page number.  In the case of Plain TeX, you might
redefine
        \footline={\hss\tenrm\black\folio\hss}

Do `help texspool color_output' for more information
3 Test_file
A test file is tex$inputs:tstcol.tex.  To process it with TeX do:
        tex tstcol
        netout c/graph/user=1234 tstcol.dvi
on the VAX.  On the Cray do
        texspool tstcol.dvi color
or
        texspool tstcol.dvi separate
2 Graphics
Graphics in TeX (with TeXspool)

You can insert simple pictures into your output.  It uses the \special
command (see the TeXbook, pp. 228--229).  The way this works is by allowing
you to define up to 256 points on the page.  Then you can join up these
points in various ways with the drawing commands.  Examples where these
could be used include: simple figures (for instance, showing a coordinate
system), flow diagrams, Feyman diagrams, etc.  The implemented comands are:

  \special{set point <p>} defines point <p> as the current position.
    These points are referenced by the `draw' commands.  <p> must
    satisfy 0 <= <p> < 256.  There is no stack for points; defining
    point 3 supercedes the previous definition.  E.g.,
        \special{set point 2}.

  \special{set pen <w>} defines the width of the lines to be <w> sp.
    (1pt = 2^16 sp).  You can convert any dimension into sp with the
    construction
        \dimen255=.4pt
        \count255=\dimen255
        \special{set pen \the\count255}
    \special{set pen 0} gives the thinnest possible line.

  \special{draw line <p1> <p2>} draws a line joining points <p1> and
    <p2>.

  \special{draw circle <pc> <pe>} draws a circle centered at <pc> and
    going through <pe>.

  \special{draw ellipse <pc> <pa> <pb>} draws an ellipse centered at
    point <pc> with axes terminating at points <pa> and <pb>.

  \special{draw arc <pc> <pa> <pb>} draws a counter-clockwise arc from
    point <pa> to point <pb> centered at point pc.

  \special{draw spline <f> <n> <p1> ... <pn>} draws a spline through
    the points <p1> to <pn>.  <n> specifies the number of points
    present.  <f> is a one character flag specifying the visibility of
    the end points as follows:
        b (both)    <p1> and <pn> are both visible
        f (first)   <p1> is visible, <pn> is not
        l (last)    <pn> is visible, <p1> is not
        n (neither) <p1> and <pn> are both invisible
        c (closed>  <pn> is connected to <p1> to form a closed curve
    These allow you to control the slopes at the end-points.

  \special{draw polygon <f> <n> <p1> ... <pn>} draws a polygonal path
    through the points <p1> to <pn>.  <n> and <f> have the same meaning
    as for the splines.

The file tex$inputs:draw.tex contains some simple macros to make use of this
facility easier.  They are

  \setpen <dimen> sets the pen width

  \setpoint <number> sets point <number> at the current position

  \draw{command} outputs \special{draw command}

  \point <number> <dimen1> <dimen2> does a move right by <dimen1> and
    up by <dimen2> and there does a \setpoint <number>.  The whole is
    included in a box of zero height and width, and therefore does not
    affect the positioning of the rest of the material.

  \newpoint <control-sequence> allocates point numbers starting at 10.
    This is analogous to \newcount etc.  I allows you to say for
    example:  \newpoint\pta, \setpoint\pta, \draw{line \pta \ptb}, etc.

Example:
\input draw
\setpen\fontdimen8\textfont3 % sets width for next draw command to equal
                        % the thickness of the ratio lines (0.4pt)
\point4 1in -1.5in      % defines point 4 to be 1in right and 1.5in down
\point5 1in -2.5in      % defines point 10 to be another 1in down
\draw{circle 5 4}       % draws a circle centered at point 5 with radius
                        % 1in and width 0.4pt

Some notes about the graphics:

When drawing lines with `polygon', mitered joints are used at the corners.
(To the extent that the discontinuities are visible, the same applies to
`spline'.)  The use of the f, l, and n flags in `polygon' allow
specification of the angles of the joints at the ends.

TeXspool should never abort because of a non-sensical \special command,
e.g., \special{draw garbage ...}.  Let me know if this is not the case.

Pen widths and point positions are remembered across pages.  However, if you
rely on this feature, you should be careful when you print selected pages,
because TeXspool will not know about definitions in the pages it skipped
over.

I would like feedback on the graphics.  Do you use this feature?  Would you
like other commands?  (Examples are filled circles and triangles.)  What
macro support for the graphics would you like?
2 Figures
There are two types of figures you can insert into your TeX output.  They
are Tektronix figures generated on the VAXes or the Crays (see subtopic
Tektronix) and MacPaint figures generated on the Macintosh (see subtopic
MacPaint).
3 Tektronix
You can insert Tektronix figures into your TeX output.  This feature is
supported by GTEX and TeXspool.  This description tells you (A) how to
prepare your figures, (B) what to put in your TeX file, (C) technical
details, (D) notes and restrictions, (E) an example.
4 Preparation
Preparation of the figures.  There follows notes for both Cray users and
VAX users.
5 Cray
(a) On the Cray, use your favorite graphics library (GRAFLIB, TV80, or
DISSPLA) to produce an FR80 file.  In GRAFLIB, you need to do:

      call gsvskp(1)
      call gsvsfn('abcd')
      call gnvsxx(1,'fiche$',<id>,<buffer>,<buffer-length>)

(The call to gsvskp says to keep the FR80 file.  The character string
`abcd' is any 4 character string which is inserted into the name of
the FR80 file to give f3abcd0x, etc.  It's `f3', because fiche output
was requested.)

Process the FR80 files with netplot to produce Tektronix files with

    netplot f3abcd* tekvec egm page=(4096,4096) size=(4096,4096) keep

(The keywords `tekvec egm' say to produce Tektronix 4014 vectors.  The
page and size result in the largest possible plot being produced.)  If
you wish to typeset the labels using TeX, then, in addition, you
should specify `text=off'.  This will produce a reponse such as:

    f3atxa0x : file-id  f3atxa0x - rxppl/yp  #frames=  5

where rxppl/yp is the name of the Tektronix file.  Switch the name of
the Tektronix file to something more memorable

    switch rxppl/yp sinplot

If you're using GTEX, then move this file to the VAX with

    netout input=((sinplot,sinplot.dat)) user=jones tekvec

(assuming your VAX username is jones).  This puts sinplot.dat into
[jones.net].  You can then use `rename' on the VAX to move it to some
other directory.
5 VAX
On the PPL VAXes, use SG and define the logical name `plot' to be a
file name.  E.g.,

    define/nolog plot sinplot.dat

In addition, the command

    define/nolog terminal_res 4096

will give high resolution plots.

Now run your program.  This produces a graphics file sinplot.dat.  If
you wish to typeset the labels using TeX, then in your program you
should specify
      call xlab(0)
      call ylab(0)
(This suppresses labeling of the x and y axes.)

If you're using TeXspool, you need to send your plot file to the Cray
with e.g.,

    netout ema/user=1234/tekvec sinplot.dat sinplot

This will give you a Tektronix plot file 'sinplot' on the E machine.
4 TeX_interface
What to put in your TeX file:

At the top of your file, put

    \input figure

(tex$inputs:figure.tex defines the \insertfigure macro.)  At the point
at which you want your figure inserted put, e.g.,

    \insertfigure sinplot 1 6.5 in 4 in

This will insert frame 1 of the file sinplot.  The lower left corner of
this frame will be at the place the \insertfigure occured.  The figure
will be 6.5 inches wide and 4 inches high.  These width and height
dimensions can be any legal TeX measures of distance: `\hsize', `15
truecm', etc, would all work.  The width and height refered to here are
those of the full GRAFLIB or Tektronix frame.  If you haven't used the
full frame, the inserted figure will be correspondingly smaller.
Usually, you will want these two dimensions to be the same (thus
preserving the aspect ratio of the original plot), while controlling the
shape of the plot with the plotting package.

For example, if you define a plotting region with (GRAFLIB)
      call gsvp2d(0.25,0.75,0.25,0.5)
or (SG and PLOT-10)
      call slimx(256,768)
      call slimy(256,512)
then

    \insertfigure sinplot 1 10in 10in

will give you a plot precisely 5 inches wide and 2.5 inches high.  The
lower left corner of the plot will be 2.5 inches up and 2.5 inches to
the right of the point at which the \insertfigure occurred.  Allowing an
extra inch on the bottom and left sides and half an inch on the top and
right sides of the plot, you would want to encase the \insertfigure in a
construction like

    \vbox to 4 in{\vss
      \hbox to 6.5 in{\kern -1.5 in
                      \insertfigure sinplot 1 10 in 10 in
                      \hss}\kern -1.5 in}

TeX will hereby allocate a 4 inch by 6.5 inch box and the \inserfigure
will be placed 1.5 inch down and to the left of the box.  This can be
further refined by providing a caption within the \vbox, and placing the
whole thing in a floating insertion.

There are easy ways to allocate the space required in LaTeX.  See `help
latex figures'.
4 Technical_details
tex$inputs:figure.tex defines the \insertfigure macro which merely
translates `\insertfigure <file> <frame> <xsize> <ysize>' into

    \special{tektronix-figure <file> <frame> <xsize> <ysize> <rotation>}

where <xsize> and <ysize> have been converted into integer scaled points
(sp) (1 pt = 2^16 sp), and <rotation> is set by `\rotation = <rotation>'
(default is `\rotation = 0').

<file> is the name of a file containing the figures in Tektronix 4014
format.  TeXspool truncates this name to 8 characters.  GTEX supplies a
default file type of .dat.  There are restrictions on what is recognized
in this file.  See (D) below.

<frame> is the number of the frame within this file.  0 means everything
up to the first erase-screen command, 1 everything between the first and
second erase-screen commands, etc.  Most software puts an erase-screen
command as the first thing in the file so frame 1 is indeed the `first'
frame.

<xsize> and <ysize> are the sizes in the horizontal and vertical
directions.  The Tektronix origin (0,0) coincides with the point at
which the special is given.  The top right corner of the plot
(4096,4096) will be placed at a point xsize sp to the right and ysize sp
up from here.

<rotation> is the rotations angle as an integer number of degrees.  This
is measured counter-clockwise from the horizontal.
4 Notes
(1) Only whole pages can be plotted.  No provision for clipping to a
partial page is provided.  Tell me if you need this.

(2) The Tektronix format was chosen because (a) it is easily generated
at MFECC and at USCs and (b) it is easy to decypher.  Both the 4010 and
 4014 formats are supported.  The 4014 format is preferred because of its
higher resolution (the coordinates are specified by 12 bits each instead
of 10 bits).

(3) [applies to TeXspool only] Only the vectors in the Tektronix plot
file are processed.  The alpha-numeric codes are skipped over.  This is
not a significant problem with GRAFLIB, TV80, and DISSPLA generated
plots, since the labels in such plots are drawn with vectors.  However
the output from PLOT10 does contain labels drawn in alpha-numeric mode
and these will be lost in the current implementation.  Tell me if you
need this.

(4) No color codes are recognized within the plot file.  However the
plot is drawn in the color in effect when the \insertfigure was
encountered.
    \input color
    {\blue \insertfigure ...}
will give you a blue plot.  (See `help tex color' for more information.)

(5) [applies to TeXspool only] No rotation of plots is performed.  Only
rotations of multiples of 90 degrees are likely to be implemented.  At
present these can be performed by netplot (?).  I will (some day)
provide a similar facility for TeX's text (i.e., allow both portrait and
landscape orientation on the same page).

(6) I have a long range goal of providing TeX typeset labels for plots.
However, this is fairly complicated to provide.  For the time being, you
must either (a) have your plotting program draw in the labels or (b)
have TeX do the labels and position these `by hand'.  (The latter is
actually quite easy to do in LaTeX.  See `help latex figures'.)

(7) The plots are all drawn with single lines.  Unlike the drawing
primitives (see `help tex graphics'), there is no provision (within TeX)
for specifying line widths etc.  (However, your plotting package can do
this for you.)  For the FR80 cameras, TeXspool uses the maximum
intensity (7) and minimum spot size (0).  If these are not right, let me
know.  GTEX too uses some standard line width (3 pixels).
4 Example
tex$doc:tstfig.cra is a cosmos file which produces a Tektronix file
'sinplot' on the Cray.

tex$doc:tstfig.com is a command procedure which produces a similar
Tektronix file 'sinplot.dat' on the VAX.

This is used in the TeX file tex$doc:tstfig.tex.

Procedure:

(1) Produce the plot file `sinplot', either by running
tex$doc:tstfig.cra on a Cray or tex$doc:tstfig.com on a VAX.

(2) Produce a .dvi file by typing `tex tstfig' on a VAX.

(3) Move the plot file and the DVI file to the machine on which you are
running the spooler (a Cray for TeXspool, and a VAX for GTEX).  Transfer
the plot file using the `tekvec' option in netout and the .dvi file
using the `graph' option.

(4) Run TeXspool or GTEX on TSTFIG.DVI.
2 TeX_areas
All the TeX areas are underneath the tex$root node.  They are:

Area                    Logical           Contents
tex$root:[tex]          tex$:             TeX EXE files
tex$root:[plain]        tex$plain:        Plain TeX input files
tex$root:[latex]        tex$latex:        LaTeX input files
tex$root:[amstex]       tex$amstex:       AMSTeX input files
tex$root:[ppl]          tex$ppl:          PPL-origin input files
tex$root:[lll]          tex$lll:          LLNL-origin input files
tex$root:[doc]          tex$doc:          Documentation files
tex$root:[formats}      tex$formats:      TeX format files
tex$root:[fonts]        tex$fonts:        TFM files
tex$root:[bibtex]       tex$bib:          Files for BiBTeX
tex$root:[pk.<mag>]     tex$pk:[<mag>]    Packed pixel files for GTEX

The logical name tex$inputs: is the search list:
    tex$lib,tex$plain,tex$latex,tex$amstex,tex$ppl,tex$doc
where tex$lib is the user's TeX area (normally in the [.tex] subdirectory;
see the `macros' subtopic).
2 Summary
Suppose foo.tex contains the following 2 lines:

        The cow jumped over the moon.
        \bye

This is how to get it processed by TeX and GTEX:
        tex foo                                 (Run TeX)
        gtex                                    (Print on laser printer)
2 Memory
When you run into limitations in TeX, TeX can usually be recomplied with
bigger limits.  THIS IS NOW LONGER TRUE WITH TEX'S MEMORY.  The memory size
for TeX is now set at the highest that can be conveniently handled on the
VAX.  (The memory size is 2^16-1.  With this memory size an index into
memory can be held in a half a long word.)

For nearly every application this amount of memory should be ample.  (It can
easily handle the TeXbook, for example.)  However, certain bad practices in
TeX can eat up large amounts of memory (e.g., supplying enormous arguments
to macros).  If you are writing a large document like a thesis, you should
be aware of your consumption of memory.  To find this out include
`\tracingstats=1' in your TeX file (LaTeX does this automatically).  At the
end of the listing file, TeX will print a summary of memory usage of the
form::

    Here is how much of TeX's memory you used:
     408 strings out of 1521
     3522 string characters out of 14126
     37728 words of memory out of 65535
     2327 multiletter control sequences out of 4000
     20003 words of font info for 75 fonts, out of 25000 for 100
     15 hyphenation exceptions out of 307
     14i,16n,17p,182b,222s stack positions out of 200i,40n,60p,500b,600s

If the line `n words of memory out of 65535' indicates that you are close to
the limit (i.e., if n>55000) you should start seeking less memory intensive
ways of using TeX.
2 System_dependent
There are aspects of the operation of TeX that make use of special features
of the VAX/VMS operating system.
3 Command_line
TeX will read and remember its command line (the line which is used to
start TeX) if one is present.  Here is the way TeX reads the first line of
input:
(a) Read command line. I.e., Everything after the "TEX" that is used to
    run TeX.
(b) If this process finds something it is remembered.  (An exception is
    if the line just consists of "\".  In that case TeX forgets whatever
    it previously remembered.)
(c) If no command line is found, TeX uses the remembered command line
    if there is one.
(d) Otherwise prompt for input from the terminal.
(e) If the command line is used, it is always converted to lowercase.
    Thus constructions like "TEX \RELAX" and "tex \relax" are equivalent.
The command line is remembered in the job logical name `tex$memory'
3 Qualifiers
TeX, LaTeX, SliTeX, INITeX, VIRTeX take the following parameters and
qualifiers
  parameter               passed as first line to TeX
  /font_directory         list of font directories
  /input_directory        list of input directories
  /batch /nobatch         start in /batchmode
The qualifiers MUST precede the parameter.  Thus
    $ tex/input=[.working] paper
is OK, but
    $ tex paper/input=[.working]
is probably wrong.
4 /Input_directory
The /input_directory qualifier to TeX (and LaTeX) adds directories to be
searched for input files.  The order in which directories are searched
is:
    (1) The current default directory, sys$disk:[]
    (2) The directories specified with /input_directory
    (3) The directories specified by tex$inputs (which is a search list)

This is useful if you want to process a file in someone elses area.
E.g.,
    $ latex/input=([jones.papers],[jones.tex]) thesis
with process [jones.paper]thesis.tex.  If this file reads other files in
[jones.paper], these will be read correctly.  Similarly files in
Jones's tex$lib are ([jones.tex]) can be read in.
4 /Font_directory
The /font_directory qualifier to TeX adds directories to be searched for
font (.tfm) files.  These directories are searched before tex$fonts.
4 /Batch
Governs whether \batchmode is in effect at the beginning of the TeX run.
The default is /nobatch when running interactively and /batch when
running a batch job.
3 Abortion
Control-Y aborts TeX.  If another program is then run, the files that TeX
was in the middle of producing will be deleted.
3 Interruption
Control-C interrupts execution of TeX.  This puts you into the standard
TeX error handler.  Then you can quit by typing `X' for example.  TeX then
finishes writing out the .dvi file and quits.
3 Output_suppression
Control-O suppress the terminal output from TeX.  The effect of a
Control-O is undone when an error is encountered.  Thus it is safe to type
Control-O to stop a verbose message from TeX.  If TeX then halts because
of an error, you will see the relevant error message.  Of course,
everything appears in your .lis file.
3 Editor
If you respond with an `e' when TeX encounters an error, TeX will attempt
to run your favorite editor on the erroneous file.  It does this by
checking whether `tex$edit' is a logical name.  If it is, it executes
    @tex$edit <file> <line-no>
Thus tex$edit should be defined to point to a .com file which can invoke
your editor on the file in question.  There are .com files written for
FINE, Emacs, EVE, and EDT.  They are
    $ define/nolog tex$edit tex$:fine.com    ! Default set by @tex$init
    $ define/nolog tex$edit tex$:emacs.com
    $ define/nolog tex$edit tex$:eve.com
    $ define/nolog tex$edit tex$:edt.com
These all assume that you have set a symbol up to run the editor.  For
example:
    $ fine :== $usr:[fine]fine
    $ @usr:[emacs]emacs		! The Emacs setup file
    $ eve  :== edit/tpu
    $ edt  :== edit/edt

(The latter two may include further command parameters.)  In addition, it
is assumed that EVE (EDT) accesses any initialization file either through
the logical name TPUINI (EDTINI), or by reading TPUINI.TPU (EDTINI.EDT) in
the default directory, but NOT by a qualifier /COMMAND=filespec.

If you call these editors in more complicated ways or if you use some
other editor, you should create your own private copy of TEX$EDIT
(possibly using one of the above files as a model).
3 DCL_procedures
When TeX exits it sets the DCL symbol `$severity' which indicates how
successful TeX was.  This is useful in writing DCL command procedures
that use TeX.  $severity is set as follows:
    TeX status  DCL status   $severity  Example
    Spotless    Success          1
    Warning     Informational    3      Overfull box
    Error       Warning          0      Undefined control sequence
    Fatal       Error            2      Can't find format file

You can write procedure files like
    $ on warning then exit          ! Exit if warning or fatal error
    $ tex/batch \input 'p1' 	    ! Only run GTEX if no errors
    $ gtex                          ! were encountered in TeX.
This runs GTEX even if overfull boxes are encountered.  If you only
wanted to run GTEX with a spotless completion, then change the last
line to
    $ if $severity.eq.1 then gtex

A similar procedure can be written for LaTeX.  Here you might want to
check whether any labels changed.  LaTeX's warning that the labels may
have changed does not affect the setting of $severity.  So you have to run
differences to compare the latest .aux file with the previous one
    $ on warning then exit          ! Exit if warning or fatal error
    $ latex/batch \input 'p1'
    $ set noon                      ! In case there is only 1 aux file
    $ differences/output=nl: 'p1'.aux   ! If this .aux file is different,
    $ set on
    $ if $severity.ne.1 then latex      ! rerun LaTeX
    $ gtex
differences sets $severity to 1 if the two versions were the same and to 3
if they were different.

See "Guide to Using DCL and Command Procedures on VAX/VMS" for further
information.
3 Output_file_name
TeX sets the logical name `tex$output' to be the output .dvi file that it
wrote.  This is used as the default input file for GTEX and DVITYPE.
3 CPU_time
The CPU time is printed out at the end of the job.
3 Formats
You can create your own formats with the initex program.  Suppose your
macro package is called `macros.tex'.  Then you create the format file
`macros.fmt' with
    $ initex macros \dump
Note that initex does not start with the Plain TeX macros.  If you want
these included put `\input plain' at the beginning of macros.tex.

You can load this format into TeX by including `&macros' on the command
line (or the first line that TeX reads).  E.g.,
    $ tex &macros mypaper
will process mypaper.tex using your macros.

You can `preload' a format by running the virtex program.  When you \end
out of virtex, you are in a special module called SVI where you can save
the image.  This is best illustrated by continuing the above example
    $ virtex &macros \end
    * save mytex.exe
(The `*' in the prompt for SVI.)  Now you can define
    $ mytex :== $disk:[dir]mytex
and run TeX with, e.g.,
    $ mytex mypaper
2 Further_documentation
Files of interest to TeX users

tex$inputs:plain.tex    The Plain macros
tex$inputs:fnttab.tex   Macros for printing out font tables
tex$inputs:example.tex  Some examples of equations (try doing `tex example').
tex$inputs:waits.tex    Compatibility macros from Stanford
tex$inputs:story.tex    The lesson from the TeXbook
tex$inputs:errata.one   Errata for the first printing of the TeXbook
tex$inputs:errata.two   Errata for the second printing of the TeXbook
tex$inputs:errata.tex   Errata for the sixth printing of the TeXbook
tex$inputs:manmac.tex   Macros used for the TeXbook
2 Related_programs
There are a three of programs which are occasionally useful in working
with TeX.  They are
    dvitype:  This gives a symbolic typeout of a .dvi file.
    tftopl:  This gives a symbolic typeout of a .tfm file.
    pltotf:  This is the inverse of tftopl.
For more information on these programs, read the Stanford report "TeXware"
by D. E. Knuth.

TeX itself is written in a language called WEB.  The fonts used by TeX
are produced by a program called METAFONT.  Type HELP WEB and HELP
METAFONT for more details.
3 DVITYPE
DVITYPE gives a symbolic typeout of a dvi file.

  parameter             name of DVI file
			(default=TEX$OUTPUT, otherwise default type=.DVI)
  /font_directory       list of font directories
  /level                output level integer 0 to 3
  /magnification        new magnification (x 1000)
  /output_file          output file (nothing means SYS$OUTPUT, otherwise
			default type=.TYP)
  /page_count           number of pages to process
  /resolution           resolution in pixel/inch as a ratio
			(e.g., 1 pixel/mm is 254:10)
  /starting_page        starting page (e.g., 1.*.-5 to specify the first
			page with \count0=1, \count2=-5)
3 TFTOPL
TFTOPL converts a .tfm file to a human-readable (.pl) format

  parameter             TFM file (default type=.TFM)
  /output_file          PL file (default type=.PL)
3 PLTOTF
PLTOTF is the inverse of TFTOPL

  parameter             PL file (default type=.PL)
  /output_file          TFM file (default type=.TFM)
2 Installation
Notes on the installation of the TEX software.
3 Documentation
Besides the TeXbook and the LaTeX manual, read:

The WEB manual (description of the WEB system)
TeXware (description of DVITYPE, TFTOPL, PLTOTF, etc.)
The Metafontbook (manual for Metafont)
The TUGboat (see Appendix J of the TeXbook)
The following Stanford files
    <tex.web>-read-.me
    <tex.mf>-read-.mf
    <tex.latex>latex.ins
    <tex.bibtex>bibtex.ins
    <tex.doc>vms.doc

The files <tex.doc>tex82.bug, mf84.bug, cm85.bug contain information on
changes in systems.  (Also in tex$doc: on the VAXes.)
3 Sources
Most of the sources are available on the ARPA net.

SCORE (anonymous login)
<tex>           TeX executables (generate locally)
<tex.sources>   TeX sources
<tex.inputs>    TeX macros
<tex.mf>        Metafont stuff
<tex.latex>     LaTeX stuff
<tex.bibtex>    BiBTeX stuff
<tex.fonts>     TFM files for AM fonts
<tex.doc>       Documentation
<tex.test>      TRIP and TRAP routines
<tex.cm>        Computer modern fonts
<tex.amsfonts>  AMS fonts
<tex.amstex>    AMS-TeX macros
<tex.formats>   TeX formats (generate locally)
<tex.pxl>       PXL files ?  (generate locally)
<tex.web>       Sources for Tangle etc.

lbl-rtsg (anonymous login)
tex/sources
tex/mf
tex/qms         DVI2QMS
tex/bibtex
tex/latex
tex/ps          DVI2PS

SRI (anonymous login)
<TEX82>         LaTeX sources (superceded by <TEX.LATEX>@SCORE)
<NEWMETAFONT>   Old .MF files for some LaTeX fonts.

Washington (anonymous login)
<tex.xfer>      Unix stuff, MITQMS, DVI2PS

Rochester (anonymous login)
public/latex-style	LaTeX styles

128.182.65.2 (user anonymous, password anonymous)
usr$root0:[andrews.gtex]gtex.c GTEX source

SCIENCE.UTAH.EDU [128.110.192.2] (anonymous login --
		doesn't work on NMFECC? but does on MIT-MX = 10.1.0.6)
00README.TXT
APS:<TEX.DVI>	Generic DVI drivers
APS:<TEX.DVI.DOC>
APS:<TEX.PUB.DETEX>  DeTeX program

XHMEIA.CALTECH.EDU [192.12.19.15] (anonymous login)
000README.TXT (Plain macros)
LOC$FTP:
3 Contacts
DEK@SAIL.ARPA (Don Knuth)
DRF@SU-SCORE.ARPA (David Fuchs)
TEXHAX@SU-SCORE.ARPA (TeX Hackers mailing list)
TEXHAX-REQUEST@SU-SCORE.ARPA
lamport@decwrl or TEX82@SRI.ARPA (Leslie Lamport, LaTeX author)
jane@lbl-rtsg (Jane Colman, LBL contact)
andrews%cmphys@morgul.PSC.EDU (Phil Andrews)
WHM@UTA (Buff Miner)
MRL@MIT (Mark London, Print symbiont person)
PATASHNIK@SU-SCORE.ARPA (Oren Patashnik , BibTeX author)
Chase#Lila@MFE (Lila Chase, LBL's TeXspool person filem 7440 .tex)
ken@rochester.arpa (LaTeX-style distributor)
Beebe@UTAH-SCIENCE.ARPA (Nelson Beebe)
ZAR@XHMEIA.CALTECH.EDU (Daniel Zirin)
DHOSEK@HMCVAX.BITNET (Don Hosek, TeXMag)
3 File_transfer
The are two types of file to be transfered.  Text and binary.  Text are
sources, documentation, etc.  Binary are DVI files, EXE files, GF, PIXEL,
TFM files.  Format and base files have a block size of 2048 and should be
generated locally.

VAX-to-VAX transfer is best done with BACKUP.  The typical command is
    $ backup [fonts] foo.bak/save/block_size=2048/inter
Transfer with `netout/binary/nocopy'.  At the other do do
    $ backup foo.bak/save [*...]/replace/truncate/own=parent

Text:
In FTP use TYPE A (default)
In NETOUT use /TAB

Binary:
In FTP use TYPE L 8
In NETOUT use /G for 10 to VAX transfers (graphics = 8 bit bytes)
or /BIN for VAX to VAX transfers
3 Compilers
Compile with /opt/nocheck/nodebug and link with /sysshr.  virmf, and
inimf require /noopt or else you get a buggy program.
3 Formats
The formats of Plain TeX and LaTeX are preloaded with the following
command procedure

    $ set def tex$:
    $ define sys$command sys$input  ! SVI takes input from sys$command
    $ initex \end                   ! This preloads tex.pool into initex
      save/traceback initex
    $ initex/nobatch plain \dump    ! Create the format files
    $ initex/nobatch lplain \dump   ! /nobatch ensures interactive mode
    $ initex/nobatch splain \dump
    $ rename *.fmt tex$formats:     ! Move to tex$formats
    $ virtex \end                   ! Save Plain TeX
      save/traceback tex
    $! LaTeX is a little different because \end is redefined.
    $ virtex &lplain \relax {\makeatletter \aftergroup\@@end}
      save/traceback latex
    $ virtex &splain \relax {\makeatletter \aftergroup\@@end}
      save/traceback slitex
    $ deassign sys$command

At this point the files in tex$formats, namely tex.pool and *.fmt can be
deleted.
3 Bases
The base files of Plain MF and CMMF are preloaded with the following
command procedure
    $ set def tex$:
    $ define sys$command sys$input  ! SVI takes input from sys$command
    $ inimf \end                    ! This preloads mf.pool into inimf
      save/traceback inimf
    $ inimf/nobatch plain; \input ppl; dump         ! Create base files
    $ inimf/nobatch &plain cm       ! /nobatch ensures interactive mode
    $ rename *.base mf$bases:       ! Move to mf$bases
    $ virmf \end                    ! Save Plain MF, etc.
      save/traceback mf
    $ virmf &cm \end
      save/traceback cmmf
    $ deassign sys$command

At this point the files in mf$bases, namely mf.pool and *.base can be
deleted.
3 Release_Notes
This version of TeX is released on a semi-organized basis by Karney@PPC
to other MFE VAXes.  The release consists of
  * TeX, LaTeX, BibTeX, SliTeX, METAFONT, and other utility
    programs (DVITYPE, TFTOPL, etc.)
  * GTEX (Phil Andrews' QMS spooler)
  * The Computer Modern fonts in packed (PK) format at 300/in at a
    range of magnifications
  * HELP files
4 Who
The following people are reponsible for the installation of the
releases.
    Karney@PPC		(Charles Karney, PPL)
    Andrews@GAV		(Phil Andrews, GAC)
    MRL@MIT		(Mark London, MIT)
    5012@MFE		(Cris Barnes, LANL)
    WHM@UTA		(Buff Miner, Texas)
    McGaffey@ORN	(Robert McGaffey, ORNL)
    Howard@CCC		(Barry Howard, MFECC)
    HAMMON@OAVAX.MNET.MFENET  (Randy Hammon, LLL)
    santarius#john@MFE	(John Santarius, UW)
    MST@UCE
    FERRON@UWM          (John Ferron, UW)
4 General
I suggest that you have your system manager make a few system wide
logical name definitions and that he install verb definition of GTEX in
DCLTABLES.  (See the beginning of tex$root:[tex]tex.com for details.
Also see `help tex install vax' for some rudimentary attempts at
documenting the full intallation procedure.)

Check the initialization file tex$init (= tex$root:[tex]tex.com) before
installing it.  It may need modifications for your site.  Ask me if you
have questions.

Contributions are welcome.  We especially need a Versatec driver for
CCC.  Macro packages are also useful.  These should normally go into a
directory named after the originating site (e.g., tex$root:[ppl]).
Individual users can then access them by modifying the definition of
tex$inputs.  Send contributions along as backup save set via
    netout ppc/bin/user=usr.tex xxx.bak
and notify Karney@PPC.  (Include documentation suitable for merging into
tex.hlp.)

The software is available from one of three sources:
    tex$root:[*...] on the CCC VAX
    tex$root:[*...] on the PPC VAX
    4154 .tex endwith. bak in filem
(The last consists of several backup save sets.  Send them to your VAX
using netout specifying binary mode.  All the backup save sets in FILEM
use about 40000 VAX blocks.)

Unless you are just getting copies of a few files, I strongly recommend
you get the files from FILEM.  Cray-to-VAX transfers are quicker than
VAX-to-VAX transfers.  Also, you won't interfer with the outbound file
traffic on PPC or CCC.

If you are obtaining updates for a VAX, I suggest you use backup save
sets to move the files around, since this preserves the date and
version number information on the files.  Use
    /SAVE/BLOCK=2048/INTERCHANGE/TRUNCATE
on the save set name.  Send them to your VAX with NETOUT/BINARY/NOCOPY.

You can unpack the save sets with, e.g.,
    SET DEF TEX$ROOT
    BACKUP TEX.BAK/SAVE [*...]/REPLACE/OWNER=PARENT/TRUNCATE
This assumes TEX$ROOT has been defined as a rooted directory.
4 1.1
Release 1.1 was made on Apr 21, 1986.  Because most of the PK files
were updated at this release, a complete new set of backup files was
created.

This release includes
    * Version 2 of the CM fonts
    * The LaTeX fonts in new Metafont form
    * Enlarged versions of TeX and BibTeX
    * Revisions to HELP files

Sorry about the change to the CM fonts, following so recently on the
last release of these fonts.  I hope there won't be any further changes
in these fonts for some time.  (This release of the CM fonts is the one
that will appear in Knuth's book on the Computer Modern fonts.  So
there is some reason to expect them to be stable now.)  Note that only
the PK files changed.  There were no changes in the TFM files for the
CM fonts.

This release of the CM fonts includes one name change (cmit10 to
cmitt10) and one additional font (cmfi10).

Improved mechanisms are available to help update the fonts.  In
particular, if your site requires PXL files instead of PK files, then
    $ SET DEF MF$
    $ @ALL_FONTS CM_QMS PK_PXL
    $ @ALL_FONTS LATEX_QMS PK_PXL
    $ @ALL_FONTS AMS_QMS PK_PXL
    $ @ALL_FONTS OTHER_QMS PK_PXL
will generate all the PXL files.  See HELP METAFONT Font_Generation for
details.

Sites which didn't obtain release 1.0 can just restore the files listed
in subtopic Full_Release.

Sites which did obtain release 1.0 should restore the following files
from the full release:
    pk0.bak, pkh.bak, pk1.bak thru pk9.bak
    latf.bak, for.bak, bas.bak, help.bak, cm.bak
and in addtion
    v11.bak
contains the minor changes in the other directories.  This was produced
by
$ bak := .bak/save/block=2048/inter
$ set def tex$mfe
$ back [tex],[fonts],[plain],[latex],[amstex],[ppl],-
[doc],[bibtex],[mf]-
 /excl=([tex]tex.usage,[tex]texusers.dis,[doc]*man.tex)-
 /since=16-mar-1986 v11'bak'
4 1.2
Release 1.2 was made on Aug. 14, 1986.
Changes for release 1.2 of TeX

* TeX's memory has been enlarged.  It is now at its maximum value.  It cannot
be increased any further.  (See HELP TeX memory.)

* You can insert MacPaint figures into TeX output on the QMS laser
printers.  The MacPaint documents merely need to be transfered in "MAC
XModem" mode to the VAX (using MACX or MACSnVAX).  Documentation on
Tektronix figure insertion for LaTeX has been provided.  (See HELP TeX
Figures and HELP LaTeX Figures.)

* LaTeX style options have been provided for AMS symbol fonts and Cyrillic
fonts.  (See HELP LaTeX Styles AMSSymbols/Cyrillic.)

* Emacs is one of the editors that TeX knows how to call (in addition to
FINE, EDT, and EVE).  (See HELP TeX System_dependent Editor.)

* The management of fonts in GTEX has been substantially improved by use of a
font cache.  This results in much faster running times in GTEX.

* GTEX can display TeX output on Tektronix screens (at magsteps 3, 4, and
5).  (See HELP GTEX/Screen.)

* An index sorting program for use with LaTeX is available.  This allows you
to generate a multilevel index for your paper.  (See HELP LaTeX Index.)


On the installation front:

There are three backup save sets:

v12.bak -- the changed files
scr.bak -- the CM fonts for GTEX/SCREEN at magsteps 3, 4, and 5.
ex12.bak -- a complete set of EXE files linked with /NOSYSSHR
	    (needed by pre 4.3 versions of VMS)

These files were created with
    $ bak := .bak/save/block=2048/inter
    $ set def tex$mfe
    $ back [tex],[fonts],[plain],[latex],[amstex],[ppl],[lll],-
    [doc],[bibtex],[mf],[formats],[cm],[latexfonts],[bases],[help],[pk.*]-
     /excl=([tex]*.usage,[tex]gtex.cache,[tex]*.dis,[tex]o*.exe,-
      [doc]*man.tex,[pk.*]am*.*,[fonts]am*.*,[pk.%%%]*.*)-
     /creat/since=20-apr-1986 tex$mfe:v12'bak'
    $ back [pk.%%%]*.* tex$mfe:scr'bak'
    $ back [web]*.exe tex$mfe:ex12'bak'

These are in filem area 4154 .tex.

Note that the screen fonts are (at present) put in [PK.nnn] where
nnn=1000/3*magnification.  This is somewhat unsatisfactory in that it might
tempt users to use the screen fonts as a way of getting funny
magnifications for fonts for the QMS laser printers.  They are not
supposed to do this!

You will need the MACX Mac-to-VAX file transfer program (or equivalent) to
make MacPaint figure insertion work.  Contact me if you need this.

There is a new CLD definition for GTEX.  It should be installed in the
system DCL tables.  It is in TEX$:TEX.CLD.  (If it is not installed, then
TEX$:TEX.COM can be editted to do this at login time.)

After the installation of GTEX, a couple of files need given world write
access.  Here's how:
    $ TEX \null \bye
    $ GTEX/KEEP
    $ SET PROT=(G=REW,W=REW) GTEX$USAGE
    $ SET PROT=(G=REW,W=REW) GTEX_CACHE
    $ DELETE TEXPUT.*;*
4 1.3
Release 1.3 of TeX was made on Dec 15, 1986

This release of TeX includes

    (1) A new release of LaTeX 2.09 (see TEX$DOC:LATEX.BUG)
    (2) New SliTeX fonts, including boldface
    (3) A minor fix to PLAIN.TEX
    (4) METAFONT 1.2 (few bug fixes)
    (5) New *PK*.EXE (mostly cosmetic changes)
    (6) A recompilation of TeX with latest DEC Pascal compiler
    (7) Local guide to LaTeX (TEX$DOC:LOCAL.TEX) updated

Also included are some new .MF files for CM fonts.  These change the CM
fonts in various minor ways.  I haven't rerun METAFONT to update the PK
files, however.  I'll do that sometime next year.

This release consists of two backup save sets of about 6000 blocks each.
They are v13a.bak and v13b.bak, both of which are in filem area 4154 .tex.

This is how I created the backup save sets
    $ bak := .bak/save/block=2048/inter
    $ set def tex$mfe
    $ back [fonts];,[plain];,[latex];,[amstex];,[ppl];,[lll];,-
    [doc];,[bibtex];,[mf];,[cm];,[latexfonts];,[help];-
    /excl=([tex]*.usage,[tex]gtex.cache,[tex]*.dis,[tex]o*.exe,-
    [doc]*man.tex,[pk.*]am*.*,[fonts]am*.*)-
    /creat/since=13-aug-1986 tex$mfe:v13a'bak'
    $ back [tex];,[formats];,[bases];,[pk.*];-
    /excl=([tex]*.usage,[tex]gtex.cache,[tex]*.dis,[tex]o*.exe,-
    [doc]*man.tex,[pk.*]am*.*,[fonts]am*.*)-
    /creat/since=13-aug-1986 tex$mfe:v13b'bak'

After moving the backup save sets to your machine with
    netout *.bak site=xxx abs
unpack them with e.g.,
    $ backup v13a.bak/save tex$root:[*...]/own=parent/trunc/repl
    $ purge tex$root:[*...]
4 2.0
This is a full release.  This includes:
    Version 2.2 of TeX
    DVITOVDU, a TeX previewer
    Version 1.3 of METAFONT
    Revised Computer Modern fonts

Highlights (for users):

* The Plain TeX and LaTeX formats are preloaded (this should speed up
  the running these progams).

* TeX, LaTeX, etc. can take a /batch qualifier to specifier force
  entry into \batchmode at startup.  Default is /nobatch when running
  interactivly and /batch when running in batch.

* You can add to the directories TeX searches for input files and
  fonts with the /input_directory and /font_directory qualifiers to
  TeX.  This is useful when TeX'ing files in another user's area.

* METAFONT has expanded graphics support.  It can now plot to
  Macintoshes running VersaTerm and VersaTerm Pro, and to Visual 550s.
  Other Tektronix compatible terminals can be added if needed.

* DVITOVDU is a previewer for displaying DVI files (after a fashion)
  on various graphics terminals.  Read `help dvitovdu' for more
  information.

Information for maintainers:

TeX and MF are no longer defined as verbs.  If you have installed their
definitions into your system DCLTABLES you may want to remove them with
    $ file = f$parse(";",f$search("SYS$LIBRARY:DCLTABLES.EXE"))-".EXE;"
    $ set command/table='file'/output='file'/delete=(tex,mf)
GTEX is still defined as a verb.

The files in directories tex$root:[formats] and tex$root:[bases] are
no longer needed.  You can delete them (and should do so, because
they are quite large).

TeX now consumes a few thousand more blocks.  This is chiefly because of
the creation of versions of TeX and METAFONT with preloaded formats and
bases.

DVITOVDU is a program for displaying DVI files on certain terminals.  It
works with Visual 550's and certain DEC graphics terminals.  Read the
documentation on more information.  It requires that PXL fonts be
available type `help dvitovdu installation' to find out what's needed.
DVITOVDU is written in Modula 2, a language for which I don't have a
compiler.  Thus I can't make any changes to it.  Anyone out there with a
Modula compiler?

This release consists of the following directories.  Each directory is
packed into a single backup save set and stored in filem area 4154 .tex.
After moving the backup save sets to your machine with
    filem read .tex 4154 endwith. bak
    netout *.bak site=xxx user=yyy bin
unpack them with e.g.,
    $ backup tex.bak/save tex$root:[*...]/own=parent/trunc/repl
    $ purge tex$root:[*...]

    directory	    backup file name	comment

These lets you run TeX
    [tex]           tex.bak		executables
    [fonts]         font.bak		tfm files
    [plain]         plai.bak		Plain TeX input files
    [latex]         late.bak		LaTeX input files
    [amstex]        amst.bak		AMSTeX input files
    [ppl]           ppl.bak		PPL and LLL input files
    [lll]           lll.bak
    [doc]           doc.bak		various documentation files
    [bibtex]        bibt.bak		bibliographies
    [help]          help.bak		HLP files

This is the previewer (works on Visuals, some DEC terminals)
    [dvitovdu]      vdu.bak		Sources and executable

These are the pixel patterns for the fonts (needed by GTEX)   *OPTIONAL*
    [pk.1000]       pk0.bak		magstep0
    [pk.1095]       pkh.bak		magstephalf
    [pk.1200]       pk1.bak		magstep1
    [pk.1440]       pk2.bak
    [pk.1728]       pk3.bak
    [pk.2074]       pk4.bak
    [pk.2488]       pk5.bak
    [pk.2986]       pk6.bak
    [pk.3583]       pk7.bak
    [pk.4300]       pk8.bak
    [pk.5160]       pk9.bak		magstep9

This lets you run METAFONT and generate fonts                 *OPTIONAL*
    [mf]            mf.bak		METAFONT input files
    [cm]            cm.bak		CM font sources
    [latexfonts]    latf.bak		LaTeX font sources
    [pplfonts]      pplf.bak		Local font sources
2 News(86/12/13)
Look here for pointers to recent changes in TeX
87/07/10 Major revisions of documentation.  New releases of most programs.
86/12/13 Added new SliTeX fonts (HELP TeX Fonts LaTeX_fonts).
86/07/01 Documented MacPaint figure insertion (HELP TeX Figures
	 MacPaint).  Fixed up documentation on Tektronix figure
	 insertion.  Documented Emacs interface.  Documented memory
	 limitations (HELP TeX memory).
86/03/30 Downgraded references to AM fonts and DVI2QMS.
86/03/15 Updated documentation on figures (HELP TeX Figures)
86/03/04 TeX 2.0c released.  TEX$OUTPUT defined (HELP TeX Syst Output)
         LABELS.TEX documented (HELP TeX Macros Mailing_Labels)
86/02/26 TeX 2.0b released.  TeX can call FINE and EVE,
         Status return to DCL. (HELP TeX System_dependent *)
         USR:[TEX]TEX changed to TEX$INIT
         DVITYPE, TFTOPL, and PLTOTF documented; cross-references to
         WEB and METAFONT given (HELP TeX Related_programs)
86/01/26 Computer modern fonts released (HELP TeX Fonts Conversion)
         and DVI2QMS documented (HELP DVI2QMS).
86/01/14 Include TEX$LIB in TEX$INPUTS. (HELP TeX Macros)
86/01/14 TeX 2.0 released.
85/12/31 Update to version 1.5d of TeX.  Command line handling changed
         again.
85/12/22 Update to version 1.5c of TeX.  CPU time reported.  Improved
         handling of command lines.
85/12/04 Figures introduced for TeXspool spooler (HELP TeX Figures)
85/11/25 QTEX renamed GTEX.
85/11/15 Cyrillic and symbol fonts from AMS installed.  Do
         HELP TeX Fonts AMS_fonts
85/10/24 TeX remembers command lines.  Do
         HELP TeX System_dependent
85/10/07 Laser Printers here!!  Update to cross-reference GTEX.
85/09/04 Major revision of HELP file.  Incorporated other DOC files.
85/07/25 NETOUT can be run from any VAX.
