WPE Users' Guide WPS-PLUSTM for ASCII files WPE Version 5.0 ¹ Includes the MORE utility October, 1988 The WPE editor is similar to WPS-PLUSTM, but is intended for general use in editing ASCII files (e.g., LOGIN.COM, documentation, etc.). It matches WPS-PLUSTM where practical, and provides several extended capabilities including two-window editing. WPS-PLUSTM Digital Equipment Corporation ¹ This guide describes Version 5.010 of WPE. Using WPE Accessing WPE: from the VMS prompt - $ WPE filename (After you have done WPE once with a filename, it will "remember" your last edited filename and editing position - so you only have to type WPE) Exiting WPE: Press F or key F10 to "file" your document. WPE works with VT2xx and VT3xx series terminals. Your VT2xx/VT3xx setup should be some variant of VT2xx/VT3xx (NOT VT100 ID). WPE also works with VT100s, with slightly reduced capability (no function keys). With terminal emulators on PCs, you're on your own. MORE is a "read-only" version of WPE - see the description later in this guide. The current version of WPE, for VMS V5.0, was produced by Dale E. Coy. WPE Mini-Tutorial This tutorial will assume that you are a DP professional, or are familiar with the WPS-PLUSTM document editor. WPE is useful in either case: it provides enhancements to the EVE editor and gives a uniform keyboard "feel" when editing ASCII files (if you also use WPS-PLUSTM). WPE uses the "Gold Key" standards, which means that to use many of the editing functions you need to press the Gold key (the PF1 key on the keypad) first, and then another key. In this document, we usually use the convention . For instance, T means to press the key and then press T to go to the top of the file you are editing. You may use either upper or lower case: T and t do the same thing. We will also use the terms "file", "document", and "buffer" interchangeably, except where we need to be specific. Each of these terms refers to the text you are editing at the time. There are often several ways to do the same thing in WPE. We will describe the most convenient way, and sometimes list alternatives. The descriptions assume you have a VT-2xx or VT-3xx terminal. If you are using a VT-1xx, there is a list of alternatives later in this document. WPE provides an optional EDT keypad, which is briefly described later in this document. The descriptions below concentrate on the standard WPS functions. Except for the keypad keys, the description applies to the EDT option. This is not a complete description of all of the features available in the EVE editor, or in TPU. Users interested in the more advanced features are encouraged to read the documentation for EVE. WPE and MORE WPE is used to create and edit ASCII text files. It is excellent for regular text, and is also tuned to editing .COM, .FOR, .TPU, and .HLP files. MORE is used when you only want to look at a file (but want to make sure you don't change it). You can't create a new file with MORE. Accessing WPE: from the VMS prompt - $ WPE filename Exiting WPE: Press F or F10 to "file" your document (exit). You can press K if you want to quit without saving any changes you have made in your editing session. After you have used WPE once with a filename, it will "remember" your last edited filename and editing position - so you may omit the filename. You then only have to type WPE to edit the same file again. WPE also remembers where you were last editing within the file, and positions the cursor there. Note: this "memory" is not retained when you LOgout. Accessing MORE: from the VMS prompt - $ MORE filename(s) When using MORE, you may use VMS wildcards, as well as lists of files, in the filename, and MORE will present the files in sequence (only the latest version of each file is used unless you specify x.y;*). Switches may also be used with the filename (most qualifiers that are legal for the DIR command). To exit MORE, use any of the methods listed for exiting WPE: they are all equivalent to "quit". MORE is essentially identical to WPE. We will first concentrate on a description of WPE. A separate section is provided near the end of this document which summarizes the few differences in MORE. What you see When you enter WPE filename, your screen will clear and will then be filled with the first lines of the file you specified. Near the bottom of the screen is a "status line", and then two lines used for messages to you and commands from you. The left side of the status line contains the name of the buffer (filename). The right side of the line tells what editing interface you are using (wpe, edw, or more), the editing mode (insert or overstrike), and the direction (forward or reverse). Insert and Overstrike refer to what happens when you type in a line where there is already text present. Using insert mode, what you type is inserted and everything else moves to the right as you type. With overstrike, each character you type replaces the character that was previously there. You can change between these modes by pressing the F14 key. Forward and Reverse refer to the direction of movement when you press some of the "long range" keys. For instance, if the direction is Forward and you press the Para (KP5) key, your cursor will move forward to the next paragraph. Also, if you want to Find something, WPE will first search in this preferred direction. You can change between the directions by pressing the F11 key. Help Press the Help key (or H ) to obtain help on the WPE keys. The first help screen shows a diagram of the keypad keys. You may then press any key, and receive a description of its functions; or type WPE for help on WPE functions. For advanced functions, you may access the help for the underlying EVE and TPU editors. Press the Do key (or [ ). At the Command: prompt, type help or help tpu or help eve. (or type EVE or TPU at the keypad diagram). Pressing Help will provide a list of functions for all keys. Editing WPE works on ASCII text files (including programs, .COM files, etc.). It is capable of working on other types of files, with some restrictions on file organization (see the VAXTPU reference). The functions implemented on the main keyboard are a subset of those included in the WPS-PLUSTM editor, as well as several useful extensions. A list of the few WPS-PLUSTM features not implemented in WPE is provided later in this document. Special functions are called "Gold" functions - to use them, you press the key (the PF1 key on the keypad), and then press another key. The other key may be either upper or lower case ( T and t both do the same thing). Entering Text WPE is similar to most word-processing editors, in that you will not have to press Return if you are editing normal text. The editor will automatically "wrap" your text to the next line for you. Your right margin is normally set at column 78. New words will not begin past column 78. However, you may construct lines longer than this default by inserting text in the middle of an existing line (this pushes the end of the line to the right). You can also select 132-column mode (by pressing E) to allow longer lines. Of course, you will press Return to leave space between your paragraphs. You may use the Tab key to move over to another column. WPE has default tab settings every 8 spaces, and this setting may be changed if you wish. You may move the cursor throughout your file by using the arrow keys. Several other methods for moving the cursor are given in a later section. When you enter WPE, you are in "insert" mode. This means that any text you type is placed at the cursor location, and any text to the right is pushed over to make room. If you wish, you may use "overstrike" mode by pressing F14. Your current mode is shown on a status line at the bottom of the screen. (You may toggle back to "insert" by pressing F14). Erasing Text There are several methods for deleting portions of the text: oo Delete words or characters by pressing Del Word (PF3) or Del Char (PF4). The text is erased forward from the cursor. oo Press DEL ( DEL) and Rub Sentence ( F13) are also implemented in WPE. Oops WPE maintains four separate internal buffers for the last text removed by these functions. If you make an error, you can restore text accidentally deleted by pressing: oo PF4 to restore the last Character deleted. oo PF3 to restore the last "word" deleted (by Del Word, Rub Line, Delete to End of Line, or Rub Sentence). oo F6 to restore the last Line deleted by Delete Line or Delete to End of Line. oo Paste to restore text deleted with Cut or Remove. The contents of these buffers is not destroyed by the restore operation. Therefore, you may use these operations repetitively to place the same text at many places in your document. Correcting Text To interchange two transposed characters: oo Move the cursor to the first character. oo Press Enter (Swap). To change characters or words: oo Move the cursor to the start of the incorrect text. oo Delete words or characters by pressing Del Word or Del Char. oo Type the correct text. Or: oo Move the cursor to somewhere in the word, and press F13 to ERASE WORD. oo Type the correct text. Or, for large amounts of text: oo Move the cursor to the start of the text to be deleted. oo Press Sel or Select. oo Move the cursor to the end of the text to be deleted. You will notice that the region will be shown in reverse video. oo Press Cut or Remove. All of the selected text will be deleted. Selecting Regions of Text You will frequently need to designate an area of text for use by a WPE operation (such as Cut). To select a region of text: oo Move the cursor to the start of the text to be selected. oo Press Sel or Select. oo Move the cursor to the end of the text to be deleted. You will notice that the region will be shown in reverse video. The region in reverse video is the "select region". The select region may be constructed in either direction; that is, you may move either forward or backward from the place you press Sel. To cancel a select region, if you decide not to use it, press Sel or Select again. The reverse video highlighting will be removed. Moving the Cursor You will be moving the cursor around a lot, and just using the arrow keys would take a long time. WPE provides many other ways to move the cursor. Several of these methods travel in small steps, moving in the "current direction". This is either Forward or Reverse. The current direction is shown in the status line at the bottom of the screen. To change it, press F11 (which toggles the direction). You may also change the current direction by using the Advance and Back Up keys. Short-Range Movements Word Moves one word in the current direction. Line Moves one line in the current direction. (The F12 key - Move by Line - has the same effect). Sent Moves one sentence in the current direction. Para Moves one paragraph in the current direction. Page Moves one page in the current direction (see discussion of page marks below). Tab Pos Moves to the next Tab Position, if one exists on the current line; otherwise, moves to the next line. Gold <= (Arrow key) Moves the cursor to the beginning of the line. Gold => (Arrow key) Moves the cursor to the end of the line. Next Screen Moves down in the file by one "screen" (about 21 lines). Prev Screen Moves up in the file by one "screen". Long-Range Movements The Ends of the File: To go to the top of the document, press T. To go to the bottom, press B. ( Prev Screen and Next Screen have the same functions). Scrolling: To continuously scroll through the document, press Advance or Back Up. Press any key to stop the scrolling. It is convenient to use a "non-typing" key (such as Advance or Back Up) to stop scrolling. (Pressing Ctrl/C is not recommended). Shifting your Viewpoint If your text is too wide to fit within the screen, you can shift your viewpoint to the right. First, position the cursor to the end of any line ( =>). Then, press => to shift the viewpoint 8 columns to the right. Repeating => will shift 8 columns each time. Shift the viewpoint back to the left by 8 spaces by first positioning to the start of the line ( <=) and then pressing <=. Note: The Arrow keys are used for two different purposes: if the cursor is not at the start or end of the line, the cursor is moved there; additional repetitions shift the screen viewpoint. The Paste Buffer The Paste buffer can contain large amounts of text, and is used for several purposes. One of the uses is to move large amounts of text from one place in the file to another place. This is called a "Cut and Paste" operation. You put text into the Paste buffer by first selecting the region of text. Then press: Cut To remove (delete) the text from the file, and place it in the Paste buffer. The Remove key does the same thing. Cut To place the text in the Paste buffer, without deleting it from its current place. This is useful if you want to make a Copy of the text to place elsewhere. Remove does the same thing. You can then copy the contents of the Paste buffer anywhere in your file (one or many times) by pressing Paste. If you should need to clear the Paste buffer, press Sel and then Cut. Searching & Replacing WPEs searching and replacement operations are an enhanced version of those in WPS-PLUSTM. Find (Srch) To search your file for a text string, press Find. You will be prompted to enter the text you wish to find. If you enter text in lower case, WPE will consider either lower or upper case text to be a match. Anything you enter in upper case must be matched exactly. For instance, xYz will match XYZ but not xyz. ( Comma - labeled Srch on the WPS-PLUSTM keyboard - will also do this operation). The find operation looks in the current direction (Forward or Reverse). If the string is not found in that direction, it looks in the other direction (but asks if it should go in that direction). If a match is found, WPE will position you to that location. Note: If you are presently at the only matching string in the file, WPE will not "find" it. This is a feature. After doing Find, you may wish to repeat the operation with a slightly different text string. Press Find, and then the up-arrow key, to recall the previous command. You may then edit the command and press Return to execute it. Wildcard Find Press Find to search for a pattern of text by using wildcards. WPE normally uses "VMS-style" wildcards, but can also use "ULTRIX-style" wildcards. This is an extremely powerful capability. A short summary of wildcard capabilities can be obtained by pressing the DO key and then entering Show Wildcard. More complete information is available in the TPU Users' Guide. The usual VMS wildcard conventions (% for a single character, and * for zero or more characters) form a small part of the Wildcard Find capabilities. Find Again (Cont Srch) To continue to search (for the next occurrence of the same string), press Period - labeled Cont Srch on the WPS-PLUSTM keyboard. (You may also press Find twice, to continue the search). Continue Search & Select The Cont Srch function can be automatically combined with a Select of the matching text by pressing / - labeled Cont Srch & Sel on the WPS-PLUSTM keyboard. After the matching text is selected, you may then press ' (quote) to replace the select region with whatever is in the Paste buffer. (This is labeled Replc on the WPS-PLUSTM keyboard). Global Search and Replace To search for and optionally replace all matching strings in the file, press ; - you will be asked for the search string, and then for the replacement string. In WPS-PLUSTM this function is somewhat annoying: you can't see what is being done, and all matching strings are replaced. In WPE, as each match is found, you are asked whether or not to replace it. Your choices are yes, no, all, last, and quit. Last means "do this one and then quit". All means "do all the rest of them in the current direction". You will also be asked if you wish to change directions, at the end of the file. Find > Pressing the Enter key will search for the next occurrence of the character '>'. You might use this as a "bookmark". Command and Parameter Recall WPE remembers a large number of the parameters and commands you have entered. Whenever you are being asked for a response (for example, Find: or Command:), previous answers may be recalled. Press the up-arrow (Ctrl/B will also work) to recall the last response. Repeated presses will recall earlier responses. The recalled response may be edited to provide a new answer. The recall capability is particularly useful with the Find and Global Replace commands, when you have entered complex patterns and then need to repeat the command with a slight change to the pattern. Page Markers There are two types of page markers in WPE. You can insert page markers in your file by pressing N or P. The marker will be inserted at the current editing point (cursor). If your cursor is not currently at the beginning of the line, the line will be split so that the marker is at the left margin. N (New Page Marker) puts a "form feed" in your file, at the current editing position. (Form feed is displayed as two Fs in one column). P (Page Marker) puts a "form feed" followed by a "null" (displayed as a NL character) in your file. The difference between these two types of page markers is usually not significant when the file is printed. However, application software (and possibly future versions of WPE) may make a distinction. You should use N (New Page Marker) in those places where you always want to start a new page (such as before a table or figure). WPS-PLUSTM uses in places where some subsequent program may want to ignore the page marker. Pagination To nicely paginate your file for printing, you sometimes want to count the lines and put page markers at appropriate places. Press Page (PF2). WPE will first back up to the last page marker (either type), and will then move forward 60 lines and insert a Page Marker () at the beginning of an existing line. If this is not an appropriate place, you can delete the Page Marker and move up to an appropriate location and insert it there (using P). Then continue on through your file with Page. If WPE finds an existing New Page Marker (FF) before getting to 60 lines, WPE will stop at that point - positioned at the beginning of the next line. If WPE finds an existing Page Marker (FF-Null) before it gets to 60 lines, WPE will automatically remove it and insert a Page Marker at the correct point. The number of lines in a page (60 by default) is controlled by the CT (Current Text length) parameter. To change this number you must use a WPE command. First, press the Do key. You will get a Command: prompt. Type CT, and you will be asked for the new number. (You may also type CT nn, where nn is the number of lines you want). The SET PAGE LENGTH command is a synonym for CT. Carriage Returns (Return) Although you can't see it, there is an implicit carriage return at the end of each WPE line. It may be there because you pressed the Return key, or because WPE "wrapped" your text to another line. It is useful to think of the Return as being located between lines of text. You can delete it by either: going to the end of one line and pressing Del Char; or going to the beginning of the next line and pressing DEL ( Para, your paragraph of text will be adjusted so that all of the lines fit the current margin. The cursor can be anywhere in the paragraph you want to wrap. Have several paragraphs to wrap? You can press Para repetitively to do them one after the other, or you can first establish a Select Region so that Para will wrap them all in one operation. (Hint: T, Sel, B, Para will re-wrap your whole file). WPE will refuse to do paragraph wrap if the file extension is .COM, .TPU, or .FOR - but will correctly wrap paragraphs in .HLP files. Bookmarks It is sometimes helpful to place invisible "bookmarks" in your text, so that you may return to a place quickly. To insert a bookmark at the current location, press KP9 (labeled UnderLine). You will be asked for a name for the bookmark. Return to a bookmark by pressing KP9. You will be asked for the name of the mark you wish to go to. This function even works across multiple windows and buffers (see below). Windowing When you enter WPE, the entire screen represents a single window for viewing one file. WPE lets you use several visible windows. Each window may show a different part of the same file, or part of a different file. Although it's seldom useful, you may easily have up to 8 visible windows. More commonly, you will use 2 or 3 windows with 2 or 3 different files. This allows you to visibly copy text from one file to another by using "Cut and Paste". Two Windows (F18) splits the current window into two windows, but (initially) displays the same file in both windows. Since it's the same file, any change in one window affects the file and MAY be displayed in the other window. However, you can scroll each window independently, cut from one and paste in the other, etc. Since Two Windows always splits the current window, pressing it a second time results in 3 windows, etc. Other Window (F19) puts your cursor in another window, so you may edit there. If you are using more than two windows, Other Window moves through them in rotation. One Window (F17) expands the window your cursor is in, and "hides" the window(s) where your cursor isn't. Get File ( F18) replaces your current buffer with a new file (with a new buffer name). Your current window will be looking at the new file. The old buffer is still around somewhere, and you may switch back to it with the BUFFER command. GET FILE is most useful in the multiple-window mode, as it lets you look at an existing file so you can copy stuff from one file (window) into another file. Buffer ( F19) changes the name (and contents) of your current window so that you can see a different buffer. It can also be used to create a new, empty buffer. Since you may have several buffers in WPE, your editing changes are not lost unless you exit without saving them. For example, if you are working on BUFFER B.TXT, you may change back to BUFFER A.TXT by issuing the appropriate command. Two-Window Editing As an example, if you wish to copy some material from document SECOND.TXT to document FIRST.TXT, do the following: WPE FIRST.TXT - starts editing the file TWO WINDOWS (F18) - you now have two views of FIRST.TXT OTHER BUFFER (F19) - your cursor is now in the top window GET FILE (F18) - SECOND.TXT - the top window now contains SECOND.TXT Select and cut material from the top window; OTHER BUFFER (F19) - your cursor is now in the bottom window Paste material in the bottom window. etc.................. Working with Multiple Files Two-Window editing provides an easy way to work with multiple files. You may have as many buffers as you wish, created using the Get File or Buffer commands. The only restriction is that each buffer must have a unique name. You use Get File to create a new buffer and fill it with the contents of a file. Buffer is used to switch between existing buffers (and also to create empty buffers). There is no (practical) limit on the number of buffers. You may be viewing a buffer full-screen, or may be viewing two buffers in separate half-screen windows. You could also be looking at two parts of the same buffer using two windows. With 3 or more windows, things get more complex - any window may be viewing any buffer. Move your cursor between the two windows using the Other Buffer (F19) key. Change buffers using the Buffer ( F19) key, or by using bookmarks. If you want to include the contents of one file in the buffer you are editing, use the G command to copy the file into the buffer at the current location. Of course, you may select and cut portions of a buffer, and paste them in a different buffer. The Buffer Command The Buffer command will switch your editing context to a different buffer (if it exists), or will create an empty buffer if the one you name doesn't exist. If you are using a VT-2xx terminal, after pressing F19, you may press the up-arrow key to see a list of your available buffers. You may use the arrow keys to position to the name of a different buffer, and press Sel, Select, or Return to change buffers. (Note that the Message buffer is always listed). The list of current buffers also tells you how many lines of text are in each buffer, and whether it has been modified. You may delete a buffer by positioning to its name and pressing the Remove key. Multiple Files and MORE If you use MORE with multiple files, it is possible to retain all of the files in the editor. When you press an Exit key, the current buffer(s) will be retained (until you Exit from the last file). If you are using multiple-window editing at the time, all windows except your current window will remain unchanged. This is useful for comparing the contents of files, as well as for other purposes. This feature works both for wildcard file specifications (*.for) and also for lists of files (a.for,b.txt) or selections (*.*/since=today). Tab Positions Tab positions affect only how the text is displayed, and not necessarily how it might look when printed, etc. Tab positions are not saved between WPE sessions. Different tab settings may be active for each individual buffer, but each buffer may have only one tab setting at a time. You may check the tab positions by pressing R to receive a graphical display. You can change the tab positions on this display. Press Return to use the new settings. Help is available by pressing the Help key. Wide Text If there are lines longer than about 80 characters in your input file, you may want to use 132-column mode. Press E - your terminal will be switched to wide screen (and will be returned to regular mode when you exit). Pressing E again will return your terminal to 80-column screen. Changing screen mode also changes the right editing margin (from 78 to 130). If your file is wider than the screen, you can still edit it. Press Do and then type Shift Left nn or Shift Right nn (nn is a number you choose) until you can see the desired part of the text. The Message Buffer If a message is sent to you by VMS, you will only see one line of it at the bottom of the screen. To read the entire message, press Buffer and type Message. This will place you in the message buffer. When you are finished, return to editing by using Buffer and the file name you were editing. Writing Files WPE saves the results of your editing session when you exit (and also keeps a journal file for recovery from a "crash"). However, occasionally you will want to save intermediate results, or copy parts of a file you are editing to another file. Pressing W will write the entire current buffer to a file you name. If you want to recall (and use) the full name of the file you are editing, press up-arrow when you are prompted for the file name to write. To write only a portion of the buffer, establish a Select Region before pressing W. Inserting Special Characters If you press F7, you will be prompted to press a key to be inserted. This may be used to insert control and special characters into your text. For instance: Pressing Inserts Ctrl/G Bell Ctrl/H Backspace Ctrl/J Line Feed Ctrl/[ Escape Some characters cannot be inserted by this method (Ctrl/S, Ctrl/Q, Ctrl/Y, etc.). For these, press Do (or [) and then type (for the example of Ctrl/Y): tpu copy_text (ascii(25)) using the ASCII decimal equivalent of the key code. The Escape character is used frequently in terminal control. To insert this character, press F7. Repeating Commands Pressing followed by a number or numbers prepares WPE to repeat the "next command" that many times. This feature is not too useful for commands which require user input (such as FIND), but is very useful for repeated execution of "learn" sequences. Also; 78- will insert a line of 78 "-" characters. 5 PF2 will advance 5 pages (PF2 is the PAGE key). SEL 8 KP7 will select the next 8 sentences (KP7 is the Sent key). Note: Due to a "bug" in EVE, there are a few commands that don't work with this method of repeating. For those commands, try pressing the DO key, and typing the Command: REPEAT. Spelling Checker If DECspellTM is installed on your system, pressing S will spell-check your current buffer. If you want to spell-check only a part of the buffer, establish a select range before pressing S. Learn Sequences WPE can learn sequences of keystrokes, and then replay them. This feature is quite useful if you have some fairly complex operation which needs to be repeated several times on a file. First, press Ctrl/L or Ctrl/K. WPE enters "learn" mode, memorizing each keystroke as the operation is performed. When you have completed the operations, press Ctrl/R. WPE asks you to press any key, which will then be associated with the learned keystroke sequence. You should use either a key sequence, or a Function key, to "remember" the learn sequence. The F9 key has been reserved (by WPE) for this use, giving you a place to put two remembered key sequences (using F9 and F9). Of course, you're not restricted to just using F9. Functions Available Only from Command Mode In addition to the EVE and TPU functions, which are available from command mode, the following WPE commands are available: Press Do and enter the Command: Command: CT nn Changes the Current Text length (for the paginate command). Set Page Length is a synonym. Command: Print Prints a copy of the current buffer or select range. You will be asked if you want to translate control characters (see below). Command: Print Trans Prints a copy of the current buffer or select range, with control characters translated to printable form. This command will let you print files which have form feeds, and "unprintable" characters. When you use this command, a buffer named "Translate" is created for further editing, saving, etc. Command: Print UnTran Prints a copy of the current buffer or select range, without translation. Command: Fix Creates a copy of the current buffer with CR and LF characters properly removed. This command is often used to convert .MEM files to a more reasonable format for further editing, saving, etc. The buffer containing the fixed copy will be named either filename.LIS or filename.TXT Command: Numeric Places the keypad in Numeric mode. The keypad keys will now enter numbers, rather than having the functions shown in this document. This is useful if you need to enter many numbers in a table, etc. Set Keypad Numeric is a synonym. Command: Application Returns the keypad to Application mode (keypad keys have functions as indicated in this document). Set Keypad NoNumeric and Set Keypad Application are synonyms. Command: Notab Replaces all tab characters in the current buffer with an appropriate number of spaces, and redefines the TAB key to insert spaces. Miscellaneous Functions Capitalizing (Uppercase/Lowercase) The following keys are available to change the case of text in your file: Upper Case Changes the current character to Uppercase. May be used with a Select Region to change the case of larger amounts of text. Bold Same as above. Upper Case Changes the current character to Lowercase. May be used with a Select Region to change the case of larger amounts of text. Bold Same as above. F8 Cap Word - makes the first character of the word Uppercase, and all other characters in the word Lowercase. May be used with a Select Region. F8 Uppercase Word - makes all characters in the word Uppercase. May be used with a Select Region. The Uppercase and Lowercase functions extend to "move range" keys pressed after the function. For example, pressing UpperCase followed by Word will uppercase the word. Pressing Word again will uppercase the next word. The same is true of the Line, Sent, Para, and Page "move range" keys. Pressing the arrow keys, advance, backup, etc. will cancel this effect. Note carefully that the '9' key on the keypad (Underline) is not implemented in as underline in WPE. It is implemented as the "Mark" function. Paired Characters Pressing ( inserts a pair of parentheses (), and positions the cursor to insert text between them. Similarly: ( or ) - Inserts paired () { or } - Inserts paired [] " - Inserts paired "" C Centers the current line of text between the left and right margins, using leading spaces. \ Inserts the current date and time. Insert/Overstrike Mode Change from Insert to Overstrike (strikeover) mode by pressing F14. Pressing this key again changes back to Insert mode. I (Interrupt) Prompts you for ONE DCL command. The screen goes to two-window mode, and the results of the DCL command appear in the second window. Among other things, this lets you copy the results of a DCL command to another file (by cut and paste). As an example of how this might be used, typing I and then Show Logical TPU* will present all logical symbols beginning with the characters "TPU". You could then copy the definitions from the DCL window and place them in a document (installation instructions) or a .COM file (startup file), etc. V (View) Allows you to see Tab (HT) characters on the screen. Pressing V again returns to the normal mode. If you want to see the screen appearance of line graphics, press Do and then type tpu set (text, current_window, no_translate). Pressing V returns to the normal mode. X (Find matching parenthesis) Positioning the cursor to a ( and pressing X will find and highlight the matching ) in a complex expression. ? (What character?) Positioning the cursor to any character and pressing ? will display the name of the character, the numerical codes in decimal, octal, and hexadecimal, and (if appropriate) the Ctrl/code. | (What line?) Pressing | will display the current line number, and the total number of lines in the buffer. $ This takes you out of WPE into VMS. You can do any reasonable DCL command (including A1). You are actually in a "spawned" sub-process, so YOU MUST LOGOUT ($ LO) to get back to WPE. Your ORIGINAL editing environment is preserved. NOTE: $ does not work when WPE is run within some other programs - for example, you can't use it when editing from DM. However, you can still use I to execute a single DCL command. Z Shows the STATUS of your buffers. Also shows the Version numbers of WPE, EVE, and TPU. @ Copies the file SIGNATURE.WPE from your login directory into the buffer you are currently editing. This is called the Signature function because it is often used to place a signature block (plain or fancy) in a memo or other document. However, the file can contain anything you wish. Command Recall Use the up-arrow or press Ctrl/B to recall the previous entries after you press Do, or at any other time you are asked to enter information. Ctrl/W Pressing Ctrl/W will refresh the screen, in case extraneous characters have appeared due to communications line errors, etc. Ctrl/F Some EVE and TPU functions leave you in a non-editing buffer (such as the SHOW buffer). Pressing Ctrl/F will return to the last editing buffer. Pressing Do followed by Return (without entering a command) will also return to editing. Special File Types WPE provides special handling for some common types of files. They are recognized by the file type - .TPU, .HLP, .FOR, .COM. .TPU Source files for the TPU text utility are recognized. When editing these files, pressing Return will insert a TPU comment line. .HLP Help files are recognized. The right margin is set at column 66. Typing beyond column 66 will wrap to the next line and place a space in column 1. Pressing Return will place a space in column 1. To add a topic line (which must begin in column 1), use the Delete ( Return will insert a HLP comment line. The Paragraph Wrap function will properly handle the special format of .HLP files. .FOR FORTRAN files are recognized. When editing these files, pressing Return will insert a line beginning with a Tab. (To add a statement label, use left-arrow, type the label, and then press right-arrow). Pressing Return will insert a FORTRAN Comment line. If you type beyond column 78, WPE will automatically handle continuations for FORTRAN statements, as well as comments, debug lines, and CPAR$ and CDEC$ statements. .COM Files WPE automatically tailors itself when the buffer contains a .COM file. Several functions are different for these files: Del Word stops deleting when the characters )]}"'_/;:.,- are encountered. Return inserts a line beginning with $ and a Tab (and Delete will delete this first tab, if desired). Return inserts a DCL comment line. If you type beyond column 78, WPE will automatically handle continuations for DCL statements, as well as comments. NoTab Mode WPE can be placed in NoTab mode by pressing the DO key and then typing NoTabs. All tab characters in the current buffer will be replaced with the appropriate number of spaces. (The command may be used again for other buffers). The TAB key is redefined to insert an appropriate number of spaces. NOTE: Cut-and-paste operations between buffers, and other operations where the material contains tabs, may still cause tabs to be placed in the buffer. You can re-issue the NoTab command before saving your file or exiting WPE. (Typing V will make any tabs visible). If you want the TAB key to resume inserting TAB characters, use the command Set Tab Insert. /Recovery of WPE sessions WPE journals your input every few keystrokes. Should you be so unfortunate as to suffer a "crash" while editing (or should you accidentally press Ctrl/Y), there is a good chance that the editing results are not lost. When you enter WPE, a check is made for the existence of an applicable .TJL (journal) file. If one exists, WPE will automatically try to recover the results of your interrupted edit session (probably missing the last few keystrokes). You will be informed of this automatic action if it occurs. The recovery applies only if you edit the same file you were editing at the time of interruption. Recovery may present information that "journaled starting line" and "journaled starting column" were different from the current values. You will then be asked if recovery should continue. Answer "no", and re-enter the WPE command, appending /START=(line,col) - using the line and column values provided. If you do not want recovery to take place, delete the journal file from your directory. If you were editing the file TEST.TXT, the journal file will be named TEST.TJL (or, infrequently, TPU.TJL). Recovery is not provided by MORE. Features Not Implemented in WPE There are several WPS-PLUSTM functions which are not implemented in WPE. They either don't make sense for ASCII files, or they would be extremely difficult to implement. Examples are: BOLD function (WPE uses the BOLD key for UPPERCASE) UNDERLINE function "Strange" HYPHEN functions DEAD KEY SUBSCRIPT and SUPERSCRIPT GOLD L, M, S, U, ] GOLD Space If you try to use functions which are not implemented, you will receive an explanatory message. You are welcome to define these keys in any manner you wish. The Help for EVE, and the associated documentation, explain how to use Learn, Remember, and Define_Key to add your own functions to WPE. Using WPE as your VMS Mail editor It is possible to use WPE as the editor for messages you send using VMS Mail (VAXMail). The system manager may have already provided this capability - and you will see the wpe or edw when you send mail. If not, first enter the following command at the DCL ($) prompt: $ SHOW SYMBOL MAIL See if MAIL is defined as "MAIL/EDIT" (there may be other qualifiers, also). If this is not the case, edit your LOGIN.COM file to include the line: $ MAI*L :== MAIL/EDIT=(SEND,REPLY=EXTRACT) Now enter the mail system. At the MAIL> prompt, type: MAIL> SHOW EDITOR See if it says "Your editor is TPU". If not, type: MAIL> SET EDITOR TPU Now, logout and back in. Try the mail system to see if your editor is set correctly. If this doesn't work, see the system manager for assistance. With the WPE interface, when you reply to mail, the memo you are answering appears in a small window at the top of the screen. You create you answer in the bottom window. Extending WPE WPE uses the capabilities of TPU and EVE, as supplied by Digital Equipment Corporation. Ideas (and some code) were also borrowed from the EVE_PLUS capabilities. Of course, the basic user interface is from the de-facto standard WPS-PLUSTM. If you write a TPU Command File to extend the capabilities of WPE, we believe that plagiarism is the sincerest form of flattery (credit would be appreciated). WPE was designed to be extended. You could either edit the source, or start with Edit/tpu/section=wpe.tpu$section/command=your_command.tpu WPE will issue a call to your procedure "WPE$LOCAL_INIT" during startup. More extensive additions and changes should take advantage of the EVE$BUILD procedure. MORE MORE is a read-only version of WPE. It is designed to allow you to "examine" files, without fear of changing something you didn't mean to change. The command is: MORE filename(s) MORE has every feature of WPE, except that MORE will not write out a changed version of the file when you exit, and it does not remember the last file edited. There is one added capability: you can use MORE with multiple files in a single command. For example: MORE X.FOR,X.LIS,A.*,B%%.C You can use wild-cards (e.g., MORE *.*) and lists (e.g., MORE x.y,a%.b,c.*) in which case, when you exit ( K or F), you will get the next file. Only the latest version of the file is presented, unless you use a wild-card specification for the version (like x.x;*) Switches may be used with the list of filenames: MORE *.*/SINCE=TODAY The switches must be applied to the end of the filename(s), not to the MORE command. Several switches which can be used with the DIRectory command may be used with MORE. This is a list of switches that may be used: /BEFORE= /SINCE= /BY_OWNER= /EXCLUDE= /CREATED /MODIFIED /BACKUP /EXPIRED /SELECT=(SIZE=MAX= ) /SELECT=(SIZE=MIN= ) /SELECT=(SIZE=(MAX= ,MIN= )) If you would like to see the list of files selected for input to MORE, you should immediately (after MORE Startup...) use the BUFFER SHOW command to see the contents of the SHOW BUFFER. You could either (1) press F19 and then type SHOW, or (2) press the DO key and then type BUFFER SHOW. If you use MORE with multiple files specified, MORE will retain all of the files in the editor. When you press an Exit key, the next file in the list will be copied to a new buffer. All previous buffers will be retained (except when you exit from the "last" file). If you are using multiple-window editing at the time, only the contents of your current window are changed. Note: This applies not only to wildcard file specifications, but also to a list of files, and to file specifications with switches. Everything which can be done in WPE can be done in MORE. This is sometimes convenient (e.g., when a line extends beyond the right edge of the screen, just insert a somewhere to break it up - and then don't save the changed file). However, the similarity to WPS and WPE sometimes causes us to think we are really editing - when we're in "read-only" mode. Sometimes we make a lot of changes to the buffer while in MORE, and then press EXIT. Although MORE will not automatically save these changes, all is not lost. There is a way out: If you have made any "changes" while using MORE, when you try to exit you will get a message: Buffer modifications will not be saved, continue quitting (Y or N)? If you want to quit, just answer "y" -- but if you really want to save the changes, answer "n"; then press W to write the buffer contents to a file. You will be prompted for the name of the file to write - you can use the same (or another) file name. If you want to recall (and use) the full name of the file you are editing, press up-arrow when you are prompted for the name of the file. This is useful to prevent confusion about rooted directories, and also saves time. The EDW Editor (WPE with EDT Keypad) WPE provides an optional EDT-like keypad, instead of the WPS keypad. The system manager can assist you if you wish to have this as your "default" (startup) mode for WPE. The EDT-default editor is called EDW. The EDW keypad is an addition to WPE. Therefore, all non-EDT features of WPE ( keys, extended commands, etc.) are still present. Consult EDT documentation for EDW keypad functions. When you are in the editor, you can change the keypad to EDW mode by using either of the Commands: SET KEYPAD EDW SET KEYPAD EDT To restore the keypad to WPE mode, you may use any of the Commands: SET KEYPAD WPE SET KEYPAD WPS SET KEYPAD NOEDW SET KEYPAD NOEDT Differences between WPE Version 2.5 and Version 5.0 If you have previously used WPE version 2.5, you will be interested in knowing what has changed in WPE. Version 2.5 of WPE was the last version usable on VMS Version 4.x. WPE has been completely rewritten for VMS Version 5.0, and this version of WPE is also numbered 5.0. (There were no WPE Versions 3.x or 4.x). Features added in WPE Version 5.0 oo When you exit WPE, and then edit the same file again by just entering the WPE command (no filename), you are returned to the place in the file where you were last editing. oo DECspell (if installed on your system) is integrated into WPE for spell-checking. oo number or numbers may be used instead of the command REPEAT nn. oo An optional EDT keypad has been provided. oo A visual representation of Tab settings (a "ruler") is provided, rather than a message. The method of changing these settings has changed. oo Command Recall has been made much more versatile. oo More than 2 screen windows are now supported. The "2 windows" function splits the current window into two, providing up to 8 windows. oo Capability to print from within WPE, without translating control characters, has been added to the previous print-translated capability. oo The NoTab mode now uses current Tab settings, rather than setting tabs to "every 8". oo Capability to toggle between 80-column and 132-column mode ( E) has been added. oo Wildcard Find capability has been added, and assigned to Find. oo There are now 2 types of page markers. N inserts a "hard" page marker (FF), while P inserts a "soft" page marker (FF-NL). oo Buffer recall now allows you to delete a buffer, in addition to changing buffers. oo Capability has been added to shift the screen left and right. oo Mail editing has been significantly improved, and may now be accessed via callable TPU, rather than in a subprocess. oo MORE now activates TPU only once, regardless of the number or type of file selections made. oo WPE can now be installed to use a DCL command, rather than using a .COM file. Changes from WPE Version 2.5 oo The 8-character "hot zone" at the right margin (for wrapping) has been eliminated in WPE Version 5. oo You are no longer asked about tailoring for .HLP files - WPE now automatically tailors the editing environment (right margin 66). oo WPE automatically tailors itself for .COM, .TPU, and .FOR files. You are not specifically told that it has done so. oo Files are not checked for "long lines", and you are no longer asked if you want to go to 132-column mode. (Use E to toggle between 80-column and 132-column modes). oo The structure and organization of Help has been changed. oo Forward and Backward scrolling now terminates if you press any key (Ctrl/C not recommended). Scrolling is chosen by Advance and BackUp. Up-Arrow and Down-Arrow, which were previously scrolling, now are Top-of-File and Bottom-of-File. oo KP3 is now mapped to UpperCase/LowerCase, instead of Exit. oo The behavior of Paginate has changed slightly. It now inserts FF-NL (a new type of page marker), and automatically re-paginates these markers when used again. Summary of Commands Press (PF1) and then another key... B - Bottom of file C - Center text E - Toggle between Wide (132) and Normal (80-col) screen. F - File (Exit) G - Get file (Include) H - Help I - 1 DCL Command (Interrupt) K - Quit (Kill) N - New Page mark (FF) P - Page mark (FF-Null) R - Ruler - Show/Change tab settings S - Spell Check (if installed on the system) T - Top of file V - View tabs W - Write file X - Find the ) matching this ( Z - Show Status of Buffers < - Prev Screen > - Next Screen , - Search . - Continue Search / - Continue Search Select ? - Display facts about this character ; - Global Replace ' - Replace \ - Insert Date | - What line is this? @ - Insert Signature Block # - [Reserved for Calculator Function] $ - Spawn [ - DO Command ( or ) - Insert paired () { or } - Insert paired [] " - Insert paired "" Return - (.FOR, .COM, .TPU, .HLP) Comment Line Number(s) - Repeat next command "n" times Summary of Ctrl/ Commands Press Ctrl simultaneously with another key (upper and lower case are equivalent): Ctrl/ B - Recall last Command: Ctrl/ F - Return to editing buffer (from Show, etc.) Ctrl/ K - Learn next keystrokes (until Ctrl/R) Ctrl/ L - Learn next keystrokes (until Ctrl/R) Ctrl/ R - Remember (after Command: Learn) Ctrl/ V - Quote (Press the key to be added) Ctrl/ W - Refresh (repaint) the screen. Ctrl/ Z - Exit. Seldom used: Ctrl/ H - Move to start of current line. Ctrl/ U - Erase to start of current line. Using WPE and MORE on VT100 Terminals Since VT100 terminals don't have a DO key, you must press [ before entering special (EVE) commands. You will receive a Command: prompt. Type the appropriate command: Command: buffer test.txt - Change to buffer with this name. Command: get file test.txt - New file & new buffer. Command: one window - One window editing (from 2). Command: two windows - Two window editing (from 1). Command: other - Move cursor to other window. Command: forward - Change direction to Forward. Command: reverse - Change direction to Reverse. Command: insert mode - Change to Insert mode. Command: overstrike - Change to Overstrike mode. Command: CT nn - To change the Current Text length. Command: print - To print the file. Command: print translated- Controls are made printable. Command: print untranslated - Print "as is". Command: fix - To remove CRs and LFs from a file copy. Command: numeric - Sets the keypad to Numeric mode. Command: application - Returns the keypad to Application mode. Command: notabs - Removes tabs and enters NoTab mode. Command: help - For HELP on these and other EVE commands. Press CTRL/V to invoke the QUOTE function. You will be prompted: "Press the key to be added:" Keypad Functions Press the "HELP" key to display the keypad diagrams. The inner keypad (with the arrow keys) works as it is labeled (Remove = Cut, etc.). Also: Gold <- moves the cursor to the beginning of the line. Gold -> moves the cursor to the end of the line. The main keypad works mostly like WPS-PLUSTM Note that some WPS-PLUSTM functions are not present. Bold will Uppercase a selected range of characters, and Bold will lowercase a selected range of characters. +--------+--------+--------+---------+ | | Page | Del | Del | | GOLD | | Word | Char | | |Paginate|Undelete|Undel. C | +--------+--------+--------+---------+ Cut deletes a select range (puts it | | Tab | Mark | Cut | in the Paste buffer). | Sent | Pos | | | Gold Cut puts in Paste buffer | | | Go To |Gold Cut | without deleting. +--------+--------+--------+---------+ | | Para | Upper | | | Word | | Case | Paste | | | Wrap | Lower | | Wrap wraps a paragraph to margins. +--------+--------+--------+---------+ |Back Up | | Upper | Go To | | | Line | Case | Next | |ScrToTop| | Lower | > | +--------+--------+--------+ | | Advance | | | | | Select | | | Scroll To Bottom|(Toggle)|Gold Swap| Gold Swap exchanges current and next +-----------------+--------+---------+ characters. Function keys F6, F7, F8, and F10 thru F20 have useful functions as described in the following diagrams. F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ |Delete Line| Quote | Cap Word | | | (Normal Functions +-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Exit | ----------------- |Undelete Ln| Escape |Upper Word | | | (Gold Functions) +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ Quote Lets you enter any "strange" key (e.g., CTRL/G) Escape Inserts an ESC character in the document Cap Word Capitalize WORD (first letter only) Upper Uppercase WORD (does not require select) Exit Just like GOLD F . . F11 F12 F13 F14 +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Forward | Move |Erase Word | Insert/ | | Reverse | by +-----------+Overstrike | | Toggle | Line | Rub Sent. | Toggle | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ Erase Word is not exactly like WPS+ +-----------+---------------------+ | | | | Help | Do | Do lets you directly enter EVE commands. | | | +-----------+---------------------+ F17 F18 F19 F20 +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | | 2 Windows | Other Buf.| Delete | (Normal Functions) | 1 Window +-----------+-----------+ to | ------------------ | | Get File | Buffer |End of Line| (Gold Functions) +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ See the discussion of Windowing. KEY LABELS FOR VT2xx/VT3xx TERMINALS The WPE labels are reproduced here. Reduce this page to 74% to properly fit the key strip on VT2xx terminals. +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ |Delete Line| Quote | Cap Word | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Exit | F6 -F10 |Undelete Ln| Escape |Upper Word | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Forward | Move |Erase Word | Insert/ | | Reverse | by +-----------+Overstrike | F11-F14 | Toggle | Line | Rub Sent. | Toggle | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | | 2 Windows | Other Buf.| Delete | (Normal Functions) | 1 Window +-----------+-----------+ to | -------------- F17-F20 | | Get File | Buffer |End of Line| (Gold Functions) +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ For VT300s and LK250 keyboards: (reduce to 65%) +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | Delete Line | Quote | Cap Word | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+ | Exit | |Undelete Line| Escape | Upper Word | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | Forward | Move | Erase Word | Insert/ | | Reverse | by +-------------+ Overstrike | | Toggle | Line |Rub Sentence | Toggle | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | 2 Windows |Other Buffer | Delete | | 1 Window +-------------+-------------+ to | | | Get File | Buffer | End of Line | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+