f. OpenVMS FAQ -&- page 18)b @5z

HP OpenVMS Systems Documentation

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The OpenVMS Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)


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11.11 %DECW-W-NODEVICE, No graphics device found on this system?



To resolve the following error:

 

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9%DECW-W-NODEVICE, No graphics device found on this system>-DECW-I-NODECW, DECwindows graphics drivers will not be loaded




    G
  • Ensure that the system parameter WINDOW_SYSTEM is set to 1. If it1 is not set to a value of 1, issue the commands:

     

    "
    $ run sys$system:sysgenUSE CURRENTSET WINDOW_SYSTEM 1WRITE ACTIVE
    WRITE CURRENTEXIT
    
    
    
    Then reboot the system.?

  • On OpenVMS Alpha, ensure the SYSMAN IO PREFIX LIST is setH correctly, and specifically ensure the DECW$ prefix is included in the7 existing list. If it is not, you will need to add it:

     

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    $ run sys$system:sysmanIO SHOW PREFIX?IO SET PREFIX=(DECW$,*)   * = list returned by the show commandIO AUTO/LOGEXIT
    
    
    C

  • Ensure that the image SYS$SHARE:DECW$ICBM.EXE is installed in2 memory. If it is not installed, then install it:

     

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    '$ INSTALL LIST/FULL SYS$SHARE:DECW$ICBM%$ INSTALL REPLACE SYS$SHARE:DECW$ICBM$ EDIT SYS$MANAGER:SYCONFIG.COM
    
    
    

     

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    *$! The following line was added to install'$! support for the Mach64 Graphics Card$!%$ INSTALL REPLACE SYS$SHARE:DECW$ICBM$ ^Z
    
    
    I
    Then reboot the system.
    The ICBM mechanism is not used on and2 not needed by more recent DECwindows versions.G

  • If the system still complains "%DECW-W-NODEVICE, No graphics* device found on this system", then:
      !
    • Boot the system as normal
    • Login as SYSTEM.D
    • Create the file SYS$COMMON:[SYSMGR]DECW$USER_AUTOCONFIG.DAT.- Protection must permit world read access.8
    • Add the following string on the very first line:

       

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      CLEAR_PFLAG = ISA_4BYTE
      
      
      

    • Save the file
    • Set the file protections

       

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      :$ SET PROTECTION=W:RE SYS$MANAGER:DECW$USER_AUTOCONFIG.DAT
      
      
      

    • Reboot the system
    


JAlso see Section 11.5.f

11.12 How can I reset the warning bell volume?



?With DECwindows CDE drivers and ECOs starting with ECOs for theDDECwindows keyboard driver SYS$IKBDRIVER.EXE in OpenVMS Alpha V7.1-2Fand V7.2-1 and with the SYS$IKBDRIVER.EXE included in OpenVMS V7.2-1H1Dand later, the DECwindows CDE controls will now correctly manage the#setting of the warning bell volume.

DUnfortunately, the equivalent controls in the older DECwindows MotifFinterface are not compatible and can no longer manage the warning bellvolume.

FIf you need to manage the volume with DECwindows Motif, consider usingthe following approach:

 

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$ @decw$utils:decw$define_utils$ xset b 1 100 100




?The numerics are the volume, pitch, and duration, respectively.

FWhy? When OpenVMS first started supporting the PC-style keyboards, theFX Windows Server and the keyboard driver interface did not support theDpitch and duration, and neither did DECwindows Motif. The DECwindowsBkeyboard driver was accordingly changed to use the volume from theGkeyclick setting (keyclick is not available in a PC-style keyboard) and:the bell volume setting to control the pitch and duration.

FDECwindows CDE does provide sliders for setting pitch and duration, soEthe keyboard driver and X Windows Server were modified to provide allAof the information, and now the DECwindows CDE sliders work. ThisDchange is unfortunately incompatible with the old scheme used on theGpre-CDE desktops, and the volume controls are now incompatible with the0current keyboard drivers. Hence the use of xset.j

11.13 How can I alter the DECwindows CDE backdrop?



BTo select a separate backdrop to be displayed on each screen usingDECwindows CDE:

    F
  • Click on the Application Manager. This is the drawer icon on the CDE toolbar.
  • Click on Desktop Tools@
  • Click on Set Default Screen and select the required screenF
  • Click on the Style Manager. This is the one containing the mouse and ttt on the CDE toolbar
  • Now change the background.
n

11.14 How can I enable the DECwindows TCP/IP Transport



ETo configure the TCP/IP transport for DECwindows, first ensure that aCTCP/IP package is installed and configured. Then set the DCL symbolFDECW$SERVER_TRANSPORTS in SYS$MANAGER:DECW$PRIVATE_SERVER_SETUP.COM toGthe appropriate local value, based on the comments in that file. If youDdo not have a copy of SYS$STARTUP:DECW$PRIVATE_SERVER_SETUP.COM, the?use the following COPY command to create this file based on theprovided template file:

 

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7$ COPY SYS$MANAGER:DECW$PRIVATE_SERVER_SETUP.TEMPLATE -3$_ SYS$COMMON:[SYSMGR]DECW$PRIVATE_SERVER_SETUP.COM


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11.15 Can I use DECwindows 1.2-* on OpenVMS V7.3-2 or later?



The short answer is no.

FOpenVMS Alpha V7.3-2 only supports DECwindows Motif V1.3 and later. IfAyou require DECwindows V1.2-6 or earlier, then you are limited to8operations on OpenVMS Alpha V7.3-1 and earlier releases.

FThe central technical reason involves depdendencies among the parts ofDthe X11 subsystem that are delivered with the base OpenVMS operatingGsystem including the X Windows display server and the transport images,Eand the parts of the DECwindows product that are delivered within theCDECwindows installation kits including the client libraries and theDECwindows applications.

CDECwindows V1.3 and later made substantial changes to the transportFlayer, and these required corresponding changes to both the associatedDclient and server code. OpenVMS Alpha V7.3-2 includes the server andGtransport with the V1.3 modifications. These changes were in support ofFthe upgrade of Xlib from X11R5 to X11R6.6, and transport-level changes9associated with support of the Kerberos and LBX features.

EIf you attempt to load DECwindows V1.2-6 images onto an OpenVMS AlphaGV7.3-2 or later system, the DECwindows libraries will not function with>with system images and will particularly not function with thetransport layer.b

11.16 How to add Fonts into DECwindows?



DThe following assumes DECwindows V1.3-1 and OpenVMS Alpha V7.3-2 andFlater unless stated otherwise, and can permit fonts of various formats,to be added into the DECwindows environment.

DThe recommended location for user font files is to place them in theBdirectories which are reserved for this purpose, typically located.below the SYS$COMMON:[SYSFONT.DECW] directory.

 

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%SYS$COMMON:[SYSFONT.DECW.USER_100DPI]$SYS$COMMON:[SYSFONT.DECW.USER_75DPI]




FThe above are recommended for PCF files of 100 Dots Per Inch (DPI) and#of 75 DPI resolution, respectively.

 

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%SYS$COMMON:[SYSFONT.DECW.USER_COMMON]




>The above is recommended for other PCF files, such as terminalA (character cell) fonts, and fonts used by specific applications.

 

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'SYS$COMMON:[SYSFONT.DECW.USER_CURSOR16]'SYS$COMMON:[SYSFONT.DECW.USER_CURSOR32]




&The above are recommended for cursors.

 

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%SYS$COMMON:[SYSFONT.DECW.USER_SPEEDO]




$SPEEDO is recommended for SPD files.

 

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'SYS$COMMON:[SYSFONT.DECW.USER_TRUETYPE]




6USER_TRUETYPE is recommended for TrueType (TTF) fonts.?Fonts placed in this directory should be in the "Windows /Linux" format.

EThe directory will contain the font files themselves, and a data file=that describes each font in the directory. This file is namedCDECW$FONT_DIRECTORY.DAT or DECW$FONT_DIRECTORY_extension.DAT, whereF"extension" is replaced by the type of font (100DPI, SPEEDO,TRUETYPE, TYPE1, etc.)

DMake sure that the file protection on the font files is set to allowworld access to the fonts.

For example: to add TrueType,fonts to DECwindows, place the font files in'SYS$COMMON:[SYSFONT.DECW.USER_TRUETYPE]

)A directory listing might look like this:

 

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1Directory SYS$COMMON:[SYSFONT.DECW.USER_TRUETYPE]PARKOI8N.TTF;1                            46KB/48KB        5-MAR-1995 04:00:00.00Pbackstage.ttf;1                          55KB/56KB       19-JUL-2004 09:42:20.92PIDAutomationHC39M_Free.ttf;1             27KB/32KB       29-JUL-2003 11:25:48.00...Ptexsi.ttf;1                             133KB/136KB      25-MAY-2003 15:31:11.00Ptexw.ttf;1                              150KB/152KB      25-MAY-2003 15:32:33.00 Total of 37 files, 3.09MB/3.23MB




*The case of the filename is not important.

2TrueType fonts should be in Stream_LF file format.

FTo generate the appropriate DECW$FONT_DIRECTORY.DAT file for most fontformats, issue the command:

 

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$ FONTCOMPILER /DIRECTORY




BThe above may or may not operate with TrueType files, and you willAlikely have to generate the DECW$FONT_DIRECTORY_TRUETYPE.DAT file manually. A sample file follows:

 

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37EBACKSTAGE.ttf -Grfonts-Backstage-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1ZIDAutomationHC39M_Free.ttf -IDAutomation-HC39M-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-m-0-misc-Barcode39BSUSESerif-Bold.ttf -Suse-Suse-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1ESUSESerif-Roman.ttf -Suse-Suse-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1ESUSESans-Bold.ttf -Suse-Suse-bold-r-normal-sans-0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1LSUSESans-BoldOblique.ttf -Suse-Suse-bold-o-normal-sans-0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1JSUSESans-Oblique.ttf -Suse-Suse-medium-o-normal-sans-0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1HSUSESans-Roman.ttf -Suse-Suse-medium-r-normal-sans-0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1NSUSESansMono-Bold.ttf -Suse-Suse Mono-bold-r-normal-sans-0-0-0-0-m-0-iso8859-1...IMCTIMEBI.TTF -UOregon-MAC C Times-bold-i-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-macedonian-0JMCTIMEI.TTF -UOregon-MAC C Times-medium-i-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-macedonian-0




CThe first line of this data file is the number of font file entriesCwhich follow. Each entry consists of the font file name, and a fontGdescription. There are fourteen fields in the description, separated byDhyphens (dashes, "-"). Fields may contain embedded spaces.The fields are

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  • Foundry: the name of the company or person which produced the font.F
  • Family: the name of the Typeface (what most people will call the "font").F
  • Weight: How "heavy" the type appears. Normal fonts are? "medium" or "regular", variations include= "bold", "demi", "light", etc.D
  • Slant: "r" for regular, "i" for italic, or "o" for oblique.F
  • Width: "normal", "wide", "narrow", "condensed", etc.F
  • Style: normally left empty, it can also identify variations on aH basic family such as "sans" (sans serifs; without the serif,A the ending and usually pointed portion of the stroke). Fonts of5 different styles can be grouped in the same family.@
  • Sizes: the next four fields identify the size and scale ofH individual characters for fonts that have fixed point sizes. For fonts? which scale (such as TrueType), the four fields are all zero.@
  • Spacing: "p" for proportional, "m" forE monospaced, or "c" for character cell.
    Note: althoughH DECwindows can identify different spacings within a family, the authorE has found that mixing monospaced and proportional fonts in the samehI family may cause some proportional font options to not appear in a font-F selection menu within Notepad (only). (A fix for this is expected in DECwindows V1.5 and later.)a7
  • The next field is always zero for TrueType fonts.pF
  • Character Set: the last two fields identify the name and versionC number of the character set represented within the font. For many4 applications, these fields are informational only.
g

aGThe next step is to update the list of fonts known to DECwindows, using<the xset utility.-

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$ mc decw$utils:xset fp rehash

a


c:It is also possible to reset the font list to the default:

 
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$ mc decw$utils:xset fp default 




e2This is useful if you need to recover from errors.

e3The Notepad utility, normally available through thefE"Applications" menu in Session Manager, is a convenient way>to see if the font is available. Start the application, select<"Options", then select "Font...". In theC"Family (Foundry)" window, you will see the list of fonts1Cavailable. User-added TrueType fonts will normally be at the end ofPEthis list. Select the desired font family, then select the Size (dpi)"D(which will always be 0(0) for TrueType fonts), and the various fontFoptions (Weight, Slant, Width, etc.) should appear in the next window.<You should then be able to select the desired font and clickG[OK] or [Apply] to use it, or [Cancel]i"to exit without changing the font.

aBIf you don't see all of the fonts you added, check to see that the?number at the beginning of the DECW$FONT_DIRECTORY*.DAT file ispEcorrect, that the files are set to world (or appropriate) access, andb,that TrueType fonts are in Stream_LF format.

IDSome applications require entering a full font name, which will look like the font description entry.

/FPlease keep in mind that not all applications can use every font whichDmay be available on your system. For example, DECterm is designed to>use families of fonts specifically designed for character cellGapplications. Other fonts (specifically TrueType) may work erratically,l=and may result in an unusable display. It is best to use onlyy@monospaced fonts specifically intended for DECterm with DECterm.

DThe SYS$COMMON:[SYSFONT.DECW.USER_TRUETYPE] doesn't exist on OpenVMSGVAX V7.3 with DECwindows V1.2-6, but the procedure above does appear to?work if the directory is created and the instructions above aree followed. 

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itP

Chapter 12
Miscellaneous Information


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If you are searching for something here, please(consider using the text-format FAQ.

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12.1 Where can I find information on escape and control sequences?

W 

?Information on escape and control sequences can be found in the>COpenVMS I/O User's Reference Manual, in the chapter on theoAterminal driver. The chapter also includes details on the generalN&format and content of these sequences.

MCSpecific details on the escape and control sequences supported by aeAparticular serial device are typically found in the documentationf?provided with the specific device. Information on the sequencessEsupported by DECwindows DECterm terminal emulator are included in theYDECwindows documentation./

/FExamples of common escape and control sequences---those typically usedFby the OpenVMS screen management package---can be found in the OpenVMSDsystem file SYS$SYSTEM:SMGTERMS.TXT. (This file can be queried underprogram control usingoD SMG$GET_TERM_DATA, and you don't need to use all of SMG to use this call.)r

eDThe following refers to the function keys on the LK-series keyboardsEfound on the VT-series terminals such as the VT220 and VT510, and thee>LK-series keyboards found on the OpenVMS workstations, and theGkeyboards found on compatible terminals. (Though note that the keyboard_?itself does not generate the sequence, the terminal oreGterminal emulator generates the sequence in response to user input.) In>Cthe following, {CSI} is decimal code 155 and can be replaced by theiAsequence "{ESC}[" (without the quotes) particularly for seven-bitGCoperations, SS3 is decimal code 143 and can be replaced by "{ESC}O"lGparticularly for seven-bit operations. Older VT1xx series terminals andwEany other terminals operating with seven-bit characters should not beo1sent eight-bit operators such as {CSI} and {SS3}./

n 
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+PF1={SS3}P PF2={SS3}Q PF3={SS3}R PF4={SS3}SMAKP0={SS3}p KP1={SS3}q KP2={SS3}r KP3={SS3}s KP4={SS3}t KP5={SS3}uiIKP6={SS3}v KP7={SS3}w KP8={SS3}x KP9={SS3}y KPCOMMA={SS3}l KPMINUS={SS3}mlIKPPERIOD={SS3}n ENTER={SS3}M DNARROW={CSI}B UPARROW={CSI}A LFARROW={CSI}DtHRTARROW={CSI}C FIND={CSI}1~ INSERT={CSI}2~ REMOVE={CSI}3~ SELECT={CSI}4~IPREV={CSI}5~ NEXT={CSI}6~ F6={CSI}17~ F7={CSI}18~ F8={CSI}19~ F9={CSI}20~u@F10={CSI}21~ F11={CSI}23~ F12={CSI}24~ F13={CSI}25~ F14={CSI}26~MHELP={CSI}28~ DO={CSI}29~ F17={CSI}31~ F18={CSI}32~ F19={CSI}33~ F20={CSI}34~n




n=An example of working with escape sequences (in DCL) follows:s

1 
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$ esc5m = "*[5m"$ esc5m[0,8] = 27r$ esc0m = "*[0m"$ esc0m[0,8] = 27,2$ write sys$output esc5m + "blinking text" + esc0m

o


ADocumentation on an ANSI terminal relatively similar to the VT525dseries is available at:h

d

<Also see the various documentation and manuals available at:

o

n@Information on the ReGIS graphics character set is available at:

l

eAlso:b

D

aAlso see Section 11.6, Section 8.13.s

12.2 Does DECprint (DCPS) work with the LRA0 parallel port?

" 

No.b

DGThe parallel printing port LRA0: found on many OpenVMS Alpha systems isCcapable of some bidirectional communications, with enough for basice'operations with most parallel printers. sSSph

nGDECprint (DCPS) requires more than just the simple handshaking providedSDby the LRA0: port, therefore DCPS does not work with the LRA0: port.n

12.3 How do I check for free space on a (BACKUP) tape?

eNPS

EBYou cannot know for certain, though you can certainly estimate theremaining capacity.o

oBTape media is different than disk media, as disks have a known andApre-determined fixed capacity. Modern disks also appear logicallyhDperfect, based on bad block revectoring support and the extra blocksBhidden within the disk structure for these bad block replacements.

nCThe capacity of tape media is not nearly as pre-determined, and theGcapacity can vary across different tape media (slightly different mediaeDlengths or different foil markers or other variations, for instance)Gand even on the same media over time (as bad spots in the media arise).iGTapes can vary the amount of recording media required, depending on the <remaining length of the tape, the numbers of correctable andEuncorrectable media errors that might occur, the numbers and sizes of>the inter-record gaps and related tape structure overhead, the=particular media error recovery chosen, the tape density, theeDefficiently of any data compression in use, and the storage overhead4required by BACKUP, tar, and other similar commands.

hCBACKUP using with the default settings results in approximately 15%dEoverhead, in terms of saveset size. (eg: Assuming a 500 KB input, thedtotal size would be 575 KB.)

Assuming no compression:
. 4 GB media / 575 KB saveset = 7294 savesets

xAssuming 1:2 compression:x
,8 GB media / 575 KB saveset = 14588 savesets

u

/l  g
Note

CThere are no inter-record gaps on DAT tapes. When determining mediaoGcapacity, you have to consider these gaps with nine-track magtape media=Dand other formats with gaps. This is not the case with DAT (DDS), as>the format has no recording gaps. However, the block structureCunderneath the variable length record recording is based on a block Esize of circa 124 KB. Further, writing doubles filemarks and such canoGcause a loss of up to the underlying block size. Thus even though therecBare no inter-record gaps on DAT, larger savesets are still usually best. =


DThe compression algorithms used on various devices are generally notEdocumented---further, there is no way to calculate the effective dataaEcompression ratio, the tape mark overhead, and similar given just thenCdata to be stored on tape---short of actually trying it, of course.r

CA typical compression ratio found with "everyday" data is somewhereoaround 1:1.8 to 1:2.Oa



/  6 O
Note

EOpenVMS often uses the term COMPACTION for compression control, as in /the qualifier /MEDIA_FORMAT=COMPACTION. U
Eb

12.4 Correctly using license PAKs and LMF?

 

=GIf you have multiple LMF$LICENSE.LDB databases in your OpenVMS Cluster,MCthen each and every PAK must be installed in each and every licensePCdatabase present in an OpenVMS Cluster. Even if you use /EXCLUDE orE/INCLUDE, you need to have a consistent set of PAKs registered acrossl7all licensing databases present in the OpenVMS Cluster.>

tBIf your software license permits it, you can use the following two"commands to transfer license PAKs:

t 

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$ LICENSE COPY... 1$ LICENSE ISSUE/PROCEDURE/OUTPUT=file product,...e

i


eGTo display the particular license(s) required (such as when you receive 3a NOLICENSE error), use the following DCL sequence: 

 

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$ SET PROCESS/PRIVILEGE=ALLh$ REPLY/ENABLE3$ DEFINE/SYSTEM/EXECUTIVE LMF$DISPLAY_OPCOM_MESSAGE"

D
OYt>o 

eCThis logical name will cause all license failures to generate OPCOMCmessages, and this will hopefully show which license(s) you need---5@there may well also be additional license failures displayed, asEvarious products can check for and can be enabled by multiple license2<PAKs. You will want to deassign this logical name when done.

%Some of the more common license PAKs:-

: 
K
"
B  DECnet Phase IV:   DVNETRTG, DVNETEND, DVNETEXT, or NET-APP-SUP*B  DECnet-Plus:       DVNETRTG, DVNETEND, DVNETEXT, or NET-APP-SUP*)  TCP/IP Services:   UCX, or NET-APP-SUP* 9  OpenVMS Alpha:     OPENVMS-ALPHA and OPENVMS-ALPHA-USER  OpenVMS VAX:       VAX-VMS#  OpenVMS Galaxy:    OPENVMS-GALAXY -  Cluster (Alpha):   VMSCLUSTER, NET-APP-SUP* -  Cluster (VAX):     VAXCLUSTER, NET-APP-SUP*I




>CVarious NET-APP-SUP (NAS) license packages are available, each withoAdiffering collections of products authorized. See the various NASTBSoftware Product Description (SPD) documents for specific details.

3

uFTo determine which license PAK is failing (via a license check failure OPCOM message), use the command:

e 
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8$ DEFINE/SYSTEM/EXECUTIVE LMF$DISPLAY_OPCOM_MESSAGE TRUE

r


pFRealize that defining this logical name will cause license checks thatGare otherwise hidden (unimplemented, latent, or part of a check for any0Eof a series of licenses) to become visible. In other words, expect toaFsee zero or more spurious license check calls when you define this, in1addition to the check for the particular license.r

CDFor information on PAKGEN and on generating license PAKs, please seexSection 10.10. For information on obtaining commercial and hobbyistElicenses, and for additional adminstrative information on LMF, pleaselsee Section 2.8.4 and Section 2.8.1.no

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