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Class HTTPClient.HttpOutputStream

java.lang.Object
   |
   +----java.io.OutputStream
           |
           +----HTTPClient.HttpOutputStream

public class HttpOutputStream
extends OutputStream
implements GlobalConstants
This class provides an output stream for requests. The stream must first be associated with a request before it may be used; this is done by passing it to one of the request methods in HTTPConnection. Example:
    OutputStream out = new HttpOutputStream(12345);
    rsp = con.Post("/cgi-bin/my_cgi", out);
    out.write(...);
    out.close();
    if (rsp.getStatusCode() >= 300)
        ...
 

There are two constructors for this class, one taking a length parameter, and one without any parameters. If the stream is created with a length then the request will be sent with the corresponding Content-length header and anything written to the stream will be written on the socket immediately. This is the preferred way. If the stream is created without a length then one of two things will happen: if, at the time of the request, the server is known to understand HTTP/1.1 then each write() will send the data immediately using the chunked encoding. If, however, either the server version is unknown (because this is first request to that server) or the server only understands HTTP/1.0 then all data will be written to a buffer first, and only when the stream is closed will the request be sent.

Another reason that using the HttpOutputStream(length) constructor is recommended over the HttpOutputStream() one is that some HTTP/1.1 servers do not allow the chunked transfer encoding to be used when POSTing to a cgi script. This is because the way the cgi API is defined the cgi script expects a Content-length environment variable. If the data is sent using the chunked transfer encoding however, then the server would have to buffer all the data before invoking the cgi so that this variable could be set correctly. Not all servers are willing to do this.

If you cannot use the HttpOutputStream(length) constructor and are having problems sending requests (usually a 411 response) then you can try setting the system property HTTPClient.dontChunkRequests to true (this needs to be done either on the command line or somewhere in the code before the HTTPConnection is first accessed). This will prevent the client from using the chunked encoding in this case and will cause the HttpOutputStream to buffer all the data instead, sending it only when close() is invoked.

The behaviour of a request sent with an output stream may differ from that of a request sent with a data parameter. The reason for this is that the various modules cannot resend a request which used an output stream. Therefore such things as authorization and retrying of requests won't be done by the HTTPClient for such requests.

Version:
0.3-2 18/06/1999
Author:
Ronald Tschalär

Constructor Index

 o HttpOutputStream()
Creates an output stream of unspecified length.
 o HttpOutputStream(int)
This creates an output stream which will take length bytes of data.

Method Index

 o close()
Closes the stream and causes the data to be sent if it has not already been done so.
 o getLength()
Returns the number of bytes this stream is willing to accept, or -1 if it is unbounded.
 o getTrailers()
Gets the trailers which were set with setTrailers().
 o setTrailers(NVPair[])
Sets the trailers to be sent if the output is sent with the chunked transfer encoding.
 o toString()
produces a string describing this stream.
 o write(byte[], int, int)
Writes an array of bytes on the stream.
 o write(int)
Writes a single byte on the stream.

Constructors

 o HttpOutputStream
 public HttpOutputStream()
Creates an output stream of unspecified length. Note that it is highly recommended that this constructor be avoided where possible and HttpOutputStream(int) used instead.

See Also:
HttpOutputStream
 o HttpOutputStream
 public HttpOutputStream(int length)
This creates an output stream which will take length bytes of data.

Parameters:
length - the number of bytes which will be sent over this stream

Methods

 o getLength
 public int getLength()
Returns the number of bytes this stream is willing to accept, or -1 if it is unbounded.

Returns:
the number of bytes
 o getTrailers
 public NVPair[] getTrailers()
Gets the trailers which were set with setTrailers().

Returns:
an array of header fields
See Also:
setTrailers
 o setTrailers
 public void setTrailers(NVPair trailers[])
Sets the trailers to be sent if the output is sent with the chunked transfer encoding. These must be set before the output stream is closed for them to be sent.

Any trailers set here should be mentioned in a Trailer header in the request (see section 14.40 of draft-ietf-http-v11-spec-rev-06.txt).

This method (and its related getTrailers())) are in this class and not in Request because setting trailers is something an application may want to do, not only modules.

Parameters:
trailers - an array of header fields
 o write
 public void write(int b) throws IOException, IllegalAccessError
Writes a single byte on the stream. It is subject to the same rules as write(byte[], int, int).

Parameters:
b - the byte to write
Throws: IOException
if any exception is thrown by the socket
Overrides:
write in class OutputStream
See Also:
write
 o write
 public synchronized void write(byte buf[],
                                int off,
                                int len) throws IOException, IllegalAccessError
Writes an array of bytes on the stream. This method may not be used until this stream has been passed to one of the methods in HTTPConnection (i.e. until it has been associated with a request).

Parameters:
buf - an array containing the data to write
off - the offset of the data whithin the buffer
len - the number bytes (starting at off) to write
Throws: IOException
if any exception is thrown by the socket, or if writing len bytes would cause more bytes to be written than this stream is willing to accept.
Throws: IllegalAccessError
if this stream has not been associated with a request yet
Overrides:
write in class OutputStream
 o close
 public synchronized void close() throws IOException, IllegalAccessError
Closes the stream and causes the data to be sent if it has not already been done so. This method must be invoked when all data has been written.

Throws: IOException
if any exception is thrown by the underlying socket, or if too few bytes were written.
Throws: IllegalAccessError
if this stream has not been associated with a request yet.
Overrides:
close in class OutputStream
 o toString
 public String toString()
produces a string describing this stream.

Returns:
a string containing the name and the length
Overrides:
toString in class Object

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